A review of innovative tools for creative nucleic acid chemists that open the door to novel probes and therapeutic agents Nucleic acids continue to gain importance as novel diagnostic and therapeutic agents. With contributions from noted scientists and scholars, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practical reference that includes a wide range of approaches for the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives. The book covers enzymatic (including chemo-enzymatic) methods, with a focus on the synthesis and incorporation of modified nucleosides. The authors also offer a review of innovative approaches for the non-enzymatic chemical synthesis of nucleic acids and their analogs and derivatives, highlighting especially challenging species. The book offers a concise review of the methods that prepare novel and heavily modified polynucleotides in sufficient amount and purity for most clinical and research applications. This important book: -Presents a timely and topical guide to the synthesis of designer nucleic acids and their derivatives -Addresses the growing market for nucleotide-derived pharmaceuticals used as anti-infectives and chemotherapeutic agents, as well as fungicides and other agrochemicals. -Covers novel methods and the most recent trends in the field -Contains contributions from an international panel of noted scientistics Written for biochemists, medicinal chemists, natural products chemists, organic chemists, and biotechnologists, Enzymatic and Chemical Synthesis of Nucleic Acid Derivatives is a practice-oriented guide that reviews innovative methods for the enzymatic as well as non-enzymatic synthesis of nucleic acid species.

This book spans diverse aspects of modified nucleic acids, from chemical synthesis and spectroscopy to in vivo applications, and highlights studies on chemical modifications of the backbone and nucleobases. Topics discussed include fluorescent pyrimidine and purine analogs, enzymatic approaches to the preparation of modified nucleic acids, emission and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy for studying nucleic acid structure and dynamics, non-covalent binding of low- and high-MW ligands to nucleic acids and the design of unnatural base pairs. This unique book addresses new developments and is designed for graduate level and professional research purposes.

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A collection of powerful new techniques for oligonucleotide synthesis and for the use of modified oligonucleotides in biotechnology. Among the protocol highlights are a novel two-step process that yields a high purity, less costly, DNA, the synthesis of phosphorothioates using new sulfur transfer agents, the synthesis of LNA, peptide conjugation methods to improve cellular delivery and cell-specific targeting, and triple helix formation. The applications include using molecular beacons to monitor the PCR amplification process, nuclease footprinting to study the sequence-selective binding of small molecules of DNA, nucleic acid libraries, and the use of small interference RNA (siRNA) as an inhibitor of gene expression.

Preface: In the past the chemical and enzymatic synthesis of oligonucleotides of defined sequence had to be left to a few experts. Now, however, with the triester approach, the phosphite method and the solid-support techniques gene fragment synthesis has turned into an easy procedure even for a non-chemist. Due to the elegant chemistry involved, all methods work without sophisticated equipment and are prone to mechanisation and eventual automation. It is hoped that combined chemical-encymatic gene synthesis may become a standard technique in a molecular biology laboratory, such as DNA sequencing or in-vitro recombination of nucleic acides. We omitted chemical RNA synthesis, since this field is developing so rapidly at the moment that one has to refer to the original publications. However, we included enzymatic synthesis of RNA fragments, procedures which already have obtained a high degree of standardisation. Most of the contributions are revised versions of the protocols supplied for the EMBO sponsored course on "Automated Chemical and Enzymic Gene Synthesis", held in Darmstadt, March 21 to April 3, 1982. The protocols were improved on the basis of the experience of 30 student scientists with chemical, biological or medical backgrounds. Previously omitted procedures, such as the wandering spot method for oligonucleotide analysis, were included. In editing the manuscript we encountered problems with the nomenclature of nucleic acid components. In unambiquous cases we favoured a simple description, hoping for example, that oligodeoxynucleotide is always understood to mean oligo-2'-deoxyribonucleotide. This book aims to provide those interested in DNA/RNA research with state-of-the-art methods in the synthesis, purification, and analysis of DNA and RNA fragments. The editors wish to thank the authors for their efforts in preparing manuscripts from the the revised laboratory protocols. We gratefully acknowledge the skill and the patience of Mrs. E. Ronnfeldt in typing the manuscripts. We express our thanks to Verlag Chemie for the friendly and very efficient cooperation.--H.G. Gassen A. Lang--Darmstadt, in July 1982.

Enzymatic Polymerizations, Volume 627 in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series - Includes the latest information on Enzymatic Polymerizations