Indonesia was founded on the ideal of the “Sovereignty of the People”, which suggests the pre-eminence of people’s rights to access, use and control land to support their livelihoods. Yet, many questions remain unresolved. How can the state ensure access to land for agriculture and housing while also supporting land acquisition for investment in industry and infrastructure? What is to be done about indigenous rights? Do registration and titling provide solutions? Is the land reform agenda — legislated but never implemented — still relevant? How should the land questions affecting Indonesia’s disappearing forests be resolved? The contributors to this volume assess progress on these issues through case studies from across the archipelago: from large-scale land acquisitions in Papua, to asset ownership in the villages of Sulawesi and Java, to tenure conflicts associated with the oil palm and mining booms in Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Sumatra. What are the prospects for the “people’s sovereignty” in regard to land?

This is the 13th book published by the Indonesian Regional Science Association (IRSA). Publication of books containing selected papers authored by its members has been one of IRSA main activities since its first annual meeting in 1998. I would like to appreciate the efforts of the editorial team for preparing the publication ofthis book. The team selected papers written by IRSA members. Most of those articles were selected from the papers presented at the 12th IRSA International Conference on “Political Economy of Regional Development in Indonesia”. This conference was held on 2-3 June 2014 in Makassar, South Sulawesi, and was organised in collaboration with the Faculty of Economics, Hasanuddin University, and the National Development Planning Agency (BAPPENAS). Some other articles are papers presented at several seminars related or held in collaboration with IRSA in 2014. When this Foreword was written, Indonesia under the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) Administration was experiencing difficult time both politically as well as economically. Jokowi has entered its eighth month of his term of office but his administration apparently has not been able to run well as expected. To make it even worse, the economic growth in many countries, including Indonesia, has been slowing down since early this year. With that background and in the spirit of contributing for the development of the nation, IRSA has chosen the general theme of this 13th book “Regional Development in Indonesia: Some Notes for the Jokowi Government”. Finally, I would like to thank the authors of the papers published in this book and the organising committees of the 2014 IRSA Conference and other seminars organised in collaboration with IRSA. I do believe thatthis book is beneficialforthe public policy forregional development in Indonesia. ------------ -UnpadPress- #Unpad #60thFEBUnpad

“... to ensure that this tourism development strategy will produce the expected outcomes; i.e. the target aimed for by 2019, Indonesia needs to thoroughly research its tourism development strategy, its implementation and various other aspects of the tourism sector.” Dr. Ir. Arief Yahya, M.Sc, Minister of Tourism, Republic of Indonesia ----------- -UnpadPress- #Unpad #60thFEBUnpad

The climate change threat at present has reached a critical stage. The development of the world today is threatened, as the whole world, including Indonesia, is facing three crisis, namely the economic crisis post COVID-19 Pandemic, energy crisis caused by the war in Ukraine, and lastly the climate crisis. Many world leaders are unaware of the severity of the threat of climate change which has now transformed into a climate crisis. The derivative of the climate crisis will not only contribute to worsening of the economic crisis and energy crisis but will quickly shifted into a biodiversity catastrophe, drinking water scarcity, and the global hunger crisis. In turn, a political crisis might arose in the form of a denial of the government’s authority which was deemed unable to overcome these crises. This bleak picture requires a thorough study and solution that is effective but at the same time reaches sustainability and penetrates the future. We are blessed to read Prof. Jatna and Prof. Lenz’s Masterpiece (Magnus Opus) in the form of a book with more than 600 pages that relate to these problems and crises in a series of meanings. We should salute them for providing a clear and comprehensive picture of the interrelationships between regions, disciplines, and elements, both in terms of origin and the possibility of solving the problem. The presentation is presented comprehensively without letting go of the details and context regarding sustainability and the global picture. I am sure that many people, especially those in a strong position, can benefit and be given references from the essential things presented in this book, the great work of both authors, which I am proud of. Prof. Rachmat Witoelar, Indonesia’s President’s Special Envoy for Climate Change (2015 -2019), and advisor to I-SER UI and CAIPSDCC) The concept of sustainable development is a development concept that ensures the fulfillment of the human needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. That is, the idea of sustainable development emphasizes the development of technologies that can increase productivity and reduce the level of damage. The concept of sustainable development is an effort to integrate three aspects of life, namely social, economic, and environmental, in a synergistic relationship supported by infrastructure and institutions. This concept is in line with the avoidance of shell game theory, where shell game theory solves the problem by creating another problem. The book written by Prof. Jatna Supriatna and his colleague, Prof. Ralph Lenz, from the United States on environmentally sustainable development in Indonesia is very well written. It suits students, environmental experts, planning bureaucrats, and legislature members. Plus, those who are doing development planning both at home and abroad. Each environmental problem is described in detail and clarity, and the solution options are given so that sound environmental management can be sustainable Prof. Satryo Brodjonegoro, President of Indonesian Academy of Sciences Indonesia is an archipelago country that harbors natural resources. It is among the countries with the most complete and extensive natural resource base, perhaps trailing only Brazil. Still, using natural resources as input for current production processes has increased yearly depletion. With its abundant natural resources, Indonesia should have become a prosperous country from an economic perspective. But yearly rising levels of natural resource depletion in many regions of the country have occurred without an increase in equitable human welfare—those words that I picked up from Prof. Jatna Supriatna and his friend’s book. I support this book’s aim that environmental sustainability is necessary for Indonesia. This book should be read not only by students, Environment NGOs, and lecturers but also decision-makers Dede Djuhana Ph.D, Dean of Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia

This open access book presents the state-of-the-art environmental governance research and practices in Indonesia. It offers a wide scope, covering different sectors (e.g., forestry, mining) and geographical landscapes (e.g., inland and coastal areas). This book engages with existing theories and frameworks, including Earth System Governance, Adaptive and Interactive Governance, among others to trigger a debate regarding the operationalization of such concepts, which are mostly developed for the Global North context. It is also our ambition to incorporate more empirical knowledge from local contexts to indicate research gaps and future directions for environmental governance research agenda to be more diverse, inclusive, and facilitate the incorporation of inter-and transdisciplinary knowledge. This book will be useful for researchers, students, practitioners, and policymakers who are interested in the field of environmental governance, especially in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the countries with the fastest-growing economies in Asia. Indonesia is rich in natural resources but also suffers from overexploitation and environmental threats exacerbated by climate and human pressures. Along with the growing global ambitions for achieving sustainable development and capacity to adapt to current and future threats, including climate change impacts and disaster risk, Indonesia's commitments to balance development while safeguarding a good environmental status are also increasing. The challenge is on how to govern complex and systemic natural, social and governance systems while adhering to the principle of equity and justice? As it will require more than traditional hierarchical modes of governance and current regulatory instruments (i.e., law and regulations). This is an open access book.

Due to its location, Indonesia is prone to large seismic activities, some of which have caused a significant number of fatalities and damages to human livelihoods. The country, hence, has to always be prepared and resilient toward these kinds of event. Abilities to soften the human and economic impact of natural shocks and to bounce back the economy as quickly as we can are crucial in sustaining the human and economic development of the country. This book presents disaster-related issues, including disaster management, sustaining regional development, improving human capital in the country, rural development and conserving the environment. Hopefully this book can attract more regional scientists to work on disasters and regional development issues.