Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Designation of Critical Habitat for Arctostaphylos franciscana (Franciscan Manzanita) (US Fish and Wildlife Service Regulation) (FWS) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Designation of Critical Habitat for Arctostaphylos franciscana (Franciscan Manzanita) (US Fish and Wildlife Service Regulation) (FWS) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, designate critical habitat for Arctostaphylos franciscana (Franciscan manzanita) under the Endangered Species Act. In total, approximately 230.2 acres (93.1 hectares) in San Francisco County, California, fall within the boundaries of the final critical habitat designation. The effect of this regulation is to designate critical habitat for A. franciscana under the Endangered Species Act. This book contains: - The complete text of the Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants - Designation of Critical Habitat for Arctostaphylos franciscana (Franciscan Manzanita) (US Fish and Wildlife Service Regulation) (FWS) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

The vibrant history of the challenges and successes in the preservation of lands on and around Mt. Tamalpais, Marin County, California, and the key role of the Tamalpais Conservation Club played throughout the last 100 years. It is the history of how many key men and women, like William Kent and Alice Eastwood, and both public and private organizations came together for these efforts. This is the first time this has been documented in one book. This is as well a story of the birth of the environmental movement in the Western United States. The seeds were planted by earlier pioneering environmentalists such as President Theodore Roosevelt and John Muir, an honorary early TCC member. The book is rich with stories of people who made a difference through their passion and love for Mt. Tamalpais. The book, commemorating the TCC's 100th anniversary, includes narratives of the creation of the TCC, Muir Woods National Monument, Mt. Tamalpais State Park, Marin Municipal Water District, Golden Gate National Recreation Area (GGNRA), Marin County Open Space District, and other public areas on the mountain. Over 200 historic photos and documents are included.

Contrary to traditional theories of statutory interpretation, which ground statutes in the original legislative text or intent, legal scholar William Eskridge argues that statutory interpretation changes in response to new political alignments, new interpreters, and new ideologies. It does so, first of all, because it involves richer authoritative texts than does either common law or constitutional interpretation: statutes are often complex and have a detailed legislative history. Second, Congress can, and often does, rewrite statutes when it disagrees with their interpretations; and agencies and courts attend to current as well as historical congressional preferences when they interpret statutes. Third, since statutory interpretation is as much agency-centered as judgecentered and since agency executives see their creativity as more legitimate than judges see theirs, statutory interpretation in the modern regulatory state is particularly dynamic. Eskridge also considers how different normative theories of jurisprudence--liberal, legal process, and antiliberal--inform debates about statutory interpretation. He explores what theory of statutory interpretation--if any--is required by the rule of law or by democratic theory. Finally, he provides an analytical and jurisprudential history of important debates on statutory interpretation.

The increasing realization among behaviorists and psychologists is that many animals learn by observation as members of social systems. Such settings contribute to the formation of culture. This book combines the knowledge of two groups of scientists with different backgrounds to establish a working consensus for future research. The book is divided into two major sections, with contributions by a well-known, international, and interdisciplinary team which integrates these growing areas of inquiry. - Integrates the broad range of scientific approaches being used in the studies of social learning and imitation, and society and culture - Provides an introduction to this field of study as well as a starting point for the more experienced researcher - Chapters are succinct reviews of innovative discoveries and progress made during the past decade - Includes statements of varied theoretical perspectives on controversial topics - Authoritative contributions by an international team of leading researchers

Global warming is one of today's greatest challenges. The science of climate change leaves no doubt that policies to cut emissions are overdue. Yet, after twenty years of international talks and treaties, the world is now in gridlock about how best to do this. David G. Victor argues that such gridlock has arisen because international talks have drifted away from the reality of what countries are willing and able to implement at home. Most of the lessons that policy makers have drawn from the history of other international environmental problems won't actually work on the problem of global warming. Victor argues that a radical rethinking of global warming policy is required and shows how to make international law on global warming more effective. This book provides a roadmap to a lower carbon future based on encouraging bottom-up initiatives at national, regional and global levels, leveraging national self-interest rather than wishful thinking.

The oak tree was a boon companion as humans expanded their presence across much of the globe. While oak woodlands (Quercus spp.) come today in stunningly diverse forms, the stately dehesas of Spain and the dramatic oak-dominated ranchlands of California are working landscapes where cultivation and manipulation for a couple of millennia have shaped Mediterranean-type ecosystems into a profoundly modified yet productive environment that is sought-after by every manner of species. The grazing of wildlife and livestock in oak woodlands yields a remarkable plant and animal biodiversity, creating a mosaic of habitats and visually pleasing savannas. Added products unique to Spain such as Iberian pigs and cork, and in California multiple landowner benefits, include valued ecosystem services that allow owners, visitors, and conservation supporters to experience the benefits of woodland life. With its 15 chapters a decade in the making, this handsomely illustrated book covers key topics in oak woodland policy, ecology, and management in Spain and California, presenting new research results and reviewing an existing expert literature.