In Indian context.

Rural Development implies the development of every aspect of rural life. Since time immemorial to us, India continues to be a land of village communities. As such, rural development has been the priority concern of national development of every ruler. During Indus Valley Civilisation (3300-1300 BCE) village settlements primarily engaged in agriculture besides relying on rural industries age of development. Self governing rural communities with agrarian economies existed during Vedic age (1200 BCE) and there was a reference to the existence of village sabhas and gramins /villages (600BCE) being the basic unit of administration by Graminis-Village leaders.

During states of emergency, normal rules and rights are suspended, and force can often prevail. In these precarious intervals, when the human potential for violence can be released and rehearsed, images may also emerge. This book asks: what happens to art during a state of emergency? Investigating the uneasy relationship between aesthetics and political history, Emilia Terracciano traces a genealogy of modernism in colonial and postcolonial India; she explores catastrophic turning points in the history of twentieth-century India, via the art works which emerged from them. Art and Emergency reveals how the suspended, diagonal, fugitive lines of Nasreen Mohamedi's abstract compositions echo Partition's traumatic legacy; how the theatrical choreographies of Sunil Janah's photographs document desperate famine; and how Gaganendranath Tagore's lithographs respond to the wake of massacre. Making an innovative, important intervention into current debates on visual culture in South Asia, this book also furthers our understanding of the history of modernism.

This volume, covering entries from "Shaftesbury, Third Earl of" to "Zubiri, Xavier," presents articles on Eastern and Western philosophies, medical and scientific ethics, the Holocaust, terrorism, censorship, biographical entries, and much more.