Attempting to provide a fully-fledged theory of enclaves and exclaves, A Theory of Enclaves covers a wide scope of regions and territories throughout the world and satisfies the need for a systematic view on enclaves. This book covers 282 enclaves, with a combined population total of approximately three million, but the importance of enclaves is much higher because of their specific status and issues raised for both the mainland states and the surrounding states: Gibraltar was disproportionately large for British-Spanish relations throughout the last three centuries, Kaliningrad managed to cause a major crisis in the EU-Russian relations in 2002-03, Tiny Ceuta and Melilla have caused tensions in Spanish-Moroccan relations for more than three centuries and have recently become visible as conflict points at the EU level, German Buesingen was subject to several complex international treaties between Germany and Switzerland. Rather than viewing each enclave as a unique case, or even as an anomaly, A Theory of Enclaves provides a systematic investigation of enclave-related political and economic issues. Rich on maps and illustrations, A Theory of Enclaves strives to comprise three facets of enclaves' existence: political, economic, and social life.

This work explores the competition for jobs between different Latin American immigrant groups in the U.S. economy. Bohon's research looks at occupational status attainment among Latino groups in Miami and three other U.S. cities with flourishing Latino enclaves.

This SpringerBriefs presents a case study and theoretical analysis of an artistic enclave that emerged within Lawrenceville Pittsburgh. It briefly describes the history of greater Pittsburgh, and Lawrenceville’s transition from thriving blue-collar community to depopulated low-income neighborhood to gentrifying site of artistic and creative culture. It draws on multiple methods (e.g., interviews, observations, and survey data) to discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with being a Pittsburgh artist, and offer a detailed description of the origins and ongoing development of Lawrenceville’s artistic enclave. It discusses this enclave in the context of sociological, historical, and interdisciplinary work on urban artistic communities (i.e., bohemian and quasi-bohemian communities), and situates it within the larger urban artistic tradition, and within its contemporary urban context. It maintains that this enclave constitutes a successful (i.e., sustainable) example of an artistic creative class enclave, a heuristic concept that clarifies and amends Richard Florida’s brief commentary on contemporary urban artistic life. It concludes by offering policy suggestions for those who wish to promote such enclaves, and a preliminary critical appraisal of their potential impact on society.

This book is the first work to comprehensively investigate the enclaves of non-Japanese residents in Japan. In a comparative study, it convincingly examines eight enclaves of five nationalities (Chinese, Korean, Filipino, Brazilian and Turkish) in twelve municipalities. Japan now leads in terms of depopulation in countries affiliated with the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The fact that the country has been supplementing the decreased number of Japanese nationals with an increase in migrants, who form enclaves, has attracted great attention. The temporal development and status quo of such enclaves are important concerns of researchers, policymakers and the general public. This publication is the result of joint studies by geographers and sociologists and contributes to a more detailed understanding of these topics. It thus represents a valuable achievement in the study of the segregation and enclave formation of minority nationalities. The empirical validity of existing explanatory frameworks, such as spatial assimilation and heterolocalism, is also discussed in a Japanese context.

This book examines the nature of statelessness in the India-Bangladesh enclaves. It traces the historical background and the causative factors for the origin and evolution of these enclaves in a specific geographical region of pre-colonial North Bengal. The author studies the ways in which colonial intervention in this region created administrative complications in the enclaves and critically examines the postcolonial changes in Indo-Bangladesh bilateral relations, especially in resolving boundary disputes. The volume also looks at the lives of the people inhabiting the enclaves and their struggle for survival amidst conflict. Rich in archival sources, the book will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of history, border studies, Indian history, South Asian politics, South Asian history, Partition studies, international relations, political studies, and refugee studies, especially those interested in India-Bangladesh relations.

Exclusively planned tourism destinations have increased substantially over the last decades. As a result, gated leisure communities, all-inclusive resorts, private cruise liner-owned island and other tourism enclaves are rather common features in tourism, especially in the peripheries and low- and middle-income countries. Tourism enclaves can have varied characteristics and scales of operations but typically they involve standardized ‘non-local’ themes or appeal in their design, activities and economies. Typically, such tourism spaces contain all or a vast majority of facilities and services needed for tourists who have limited possibilities or desires to leave the enclave. At the same time, the locals’ access to these spaces is often limited or otherwise regulated. Thus, enclave tourism spaces are controlled and separated from surrounding communities. Tourism Enclaves: Geographies of Exclusive Spaces in Tourism focuses on tourism enclaves in different theoretical and geographical contexts. The chapters of the book aim to contribute to our understanding of how these exclusive spaces are created and transformed and how they shape places and place identities. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the journal Tourism Geographies.

This book focuses on the role of immigrants in building economic, social and political relationships between countries. In this era of growing global interconnectedness, international migration and immigrant issues have become a significant source of disunity between countries. In some receiving countries, immigrants are now workforce replacements for an ageing population, while in sending countries immigrants use the experience gained in their country of residence for investment and entrepreneurial activity in their country of origin. This has led to the suggestion that immigrant activities are no longer a process of bridging the economic imbalance between nations, but rather the bridging of economic, social and political relationships.Transnational diaspora entrepreneurial activity relies on the relationship between immigrants and their home country, their understanding of the economic, political, and social systems in both their home and host countries, and the demand for their home country's cultural goods. As the demand for home cultural goods grows, there is a need to establish businesses that can operate across multiple environments. This book posits that transnational diaspora entrepreneurship can be seen as the internationalization process of immigrant entrepreneurship. It explains the role of enclaves in supporting this activity and offers valuable insights into how immigrant enclave activity and informal networking influence transnational diaspora entrepreneurship.