Enabling Comprehensive Situational Awareness explains how and why an integrated emergency management common operating platform can help save lives and mitigate loss during crises and disasters. A geographic information system (GIS) embedded in this platform is the key tool used by emergency management professionals to analyze extensive spatial data collections, as well as immediate field-level data. This book explains how this platform gives decision makers the overview necessary to coordinate efforts across agencies and jurisdictions and develop collaborative mitigation and recovery plans. An implementation guide for building a GIS in a common operating platform is included.

Simulations are widely used in the military for training personnel, analyzing proposed equipment, and rehearsing missions, and these simulations need realistic models of human behavior. This book draws together a wide variety of theoretical and applied research in human behavior modeling that can be considered for use in those simulations. It covers behavior at the individual, unit, and command level. At the individual soldier level, the topics covered include attention, learning, memory, decisionmaking, perception, situation awareness, and planning. At the unit level, the focus is on command and control. The book provides short-, medium-, and long-term goals for research and development of more realistic models of human behavior.

Motivation for the Book This book seeks to establish the state of the art in the cyber situational awareness area and to set the course for future research. A multidisciplinary group of leading researchers from cyber security, cognitive science, and decision science areas elab orate on the fundamental challenges facing the research community and identify promising solution paths. Today, when a security incident occurs, the top three questions security admin istrators would ask are in essence: What has happened? Why did it happen? What should I do? Answers to the ?rst two questions form the core of Cyber Situational Awareness. Whether the last question can be satisfactorily answered is greatly de pendent upon the cyber situational awareness capability of an enterprise. A variety of computer and network security research topics (especially some sys tems security topics) belong to or touch the scope of Cyber Situational Awareness. However, the Cyber Situational Awareness capability of an enterprise is still very limited for several reasons: • Inaccurate and incomplete vulnerability analysis, intrusion detection, and foren sics. • Lack of capability to monitor certain microscopic system/attack behavior. • Limited capability to transform/fuse/distill information into cyber intelligence. • Limited capability to handle uncertainty. • Existing system designs are not very “friendly” to Cyber Situational Awareness.

During natural disasters, disease pandemics, terrorist attacks, and other public health emergencies, the health system must be prepared to accommodate a surge in the number of individuals seeking medical help. For the health community, a primary concern is how to provide care to individuals during such high demand, when the health system's resources are exhausted and there are more patients than the system can accommodate. The IOM's Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events held a workshop June 10-11, 2009, to assess the capability of and tools available to federal, state, and local governments to respond to a medical surge. In addition, participants discussed strategies for the public and private sectors to improve preparedness for such a surge. The workshop brought together leaders in the medical and public health preparedness fields, including policy makers from federal agencies and state and local public health departments; providers from the health care community; and health care and hospital administrators. This document summarizes the workshop.

Enhancing Situation Awareness (SA) is a major design goal for projects in many fields, including aviation, ground transportation, air traffic control, nuclear power, and medicine, but little information exists in an integral format to support this goal. Designing for Situation Awareness helps designers understand how people acquire and interpret information in complex settings and recognize the factors that undermine this process. Designing to support operator SA reduces the incidence of human error, which has been found to occur largely due to failures in SA. Whereas many previous human factors efforts have focused on design at the perceptual and surface feature level, SA-oriented design focuses on the operator's information needs and cognitive processes as they juggle to integrate information from many sources and achieve multiple competing goals. Thus it addresses design from a system's perspective. By applying theoretical and empirical information on SA to the system design process, human factors practitioners can create designs to support SA across a wide variety of domains and design issues. This book serves as a helpful reference to that end.

This book overviews the drivers behind the smart city vision, describes its dimensions and introduces the reference architecture. It further enumerates and classifies threats targeting the smart city concept, links corresponding attacks, and traces the impact of these threats on operations, society and the environment. This book also introduces analytics-driven situational awareness, provides an overview of the respective solutions and highlights the prevalent limitations of these methods. The research agenda derived from the study emphasizes the demand and challenges for developing holistic approaches to transition these methods to practice equipping the user with extensive knowledge regarding the detected attack instead of a sole indicator of ongoing malicious events. It introduces a cyber-situational awareness framework that can be integrated into smart city operations to provide timely evidence-based insights regarding cyber incidents and respective system responses to assist decision-making. This book targets researchers working in cybersecurity as well as advanced-level computer science students focused on this field. Cybersecurity operators will also find this book useful as a reference guide.

Hybrid conflicts are characterized by multi-layered efforts to undermine the functioning of the State or polarize society. This book presents results, recommendations and best practices from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) "Critical Infrastructure Protection Against Hybrid Warfare Security Related Challenges", held in Stockholm, Sweden, in May 2016. The main objective of this workshop was to help and support NATO in the field of hybrid conflicts by developing a set of tools to deter and defend against adversaries mounting a hybrid offensive. Addressing the current state of critical infrastructure protection (CIP) and the challenges evolving in the region due to non-traditional threats which often transcend national borders – such as cyber attacks, terrorism, and attacks on energy supply – the widely ranging group of international experts who convened for this workshop provided solutions from a number of perspectives to counter the new and emerging challenges affecting the security of modern infrastructure. Opportunities for public-private partnerships in NATO member and partner countries were also identified. The book provides a highly topical resource which identifies common solutions for combating major hazards and challenges – namely cyber attacks, terrorist attacks on energy supply, man-made disasters, information warfare and maritime security risks – and will be of interest to all those striving to maintain stability and avoid adverse effects on the safety and well-being of society.