A railway is a complex distributed engineering system: the construction of a new railway or the modernisation of a existing one requires a deep understanding of the constitutive components and their interaction, inside the system itself and towards the outside world. The former covers the various subsystems (featuring a complex mix of high power sources, sensitive safety critical systems, intentional transmitters, etc.) and their interaction, including the specific functions and their relevance to safety. The latter represents all the additional possible external victims and sources of electromagnetic interaction. EMC thus starts from a comprehension of the emissions and immunity characteristics and the interactions between sources and victims, with a strong relationship to electromagnetics and to system modeling. On the other hand, the said functions are achieved and preserved and their relevance for safety is adequately handled, if the related requirements are well posed and managed throughout the process from the beginning. The link is represented by standards and their correct application, as a support to analysis, testing and demonstration.

Railway equipment, Electromagnetic compatibility, Noise (spurious signals), Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic fields, Electrical equipment, Electronic equipment and components, Radio disturbances, Railways, Railway vehicles, Railway electric traction equipment, Electric power transmission lines, Performance, Railway applications

Railway equipment, Electromagnetic compatibility, Noise (spurious signals), Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic fields, Electrical equipment, Electronic equipment and components, Radio disturbances, Emission, Emission measurement, Environmental cleanliness, Railways, Railway vehicles, Railway electric traction equipment, Electric substations, Railway fixed equipment, Urban railways, Cartography, Railway applications

Railway equipment, Electromagnetic compatibility, Noise (spurious signals), Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic fields, Electrical equipment, Electronic equipment and components, Radio disturbances, Railway vehicles, Railway vehicle components, Railway electric traction equipment, Emission, Emission measurement, Frequencies, Environmental cleanliness, Radio transmitters, Portable, Railway applications

Railway equipment, Electromagnetic compatibility, Noise (spurious signals), Electromagnetic radiation, Electromagnetic fields, Electrical equipment, Electronic equipment and components, Radio disturbances, Emission, Emission measurement, Railways, Railway vehicles, Railway electric traction equipment, Electric substations, Railway fixed equipment, Urban railways, Cartography, Railway applications

Railway and metro systems embed modern technologies and interface with external systems, outside world and humans. This book focuses on electromagnetic field coupling and its experimental assessment. Electromagnetics, transmission lines, antennas, the spectrum analyzer, time-frequency transforms, probability, statistics and uncertainty are the background. Six chapters follow that discuss standards, scientific literature, measurement methods, procedures. Emissions of rolling stock, line and substation using 2006 and 2015 versions of EN 50121 are considered, discussing infrastructure influence, variability and synchronization with train operation, consistency. RF emissions of current collection system and impact to radio communications are evaluated by means of joint time-frequency transforms, APD and BER. Low-frequency magnetic field is a possible threat to susceptible medical and scientific equipment. For human exposure of personnel and passengers the presence of large power equipment, the relatively short distance and the time-varying nature of sources shall be taken into account with suitable evaluation methods against EN 50550 and ICNIRP limits. The aim is supporting EMC and test engineers, R&D and academic staff in their activities, while planning and preparing on-site tests in modern electrified transportation systems, bridging analysis and simulation. Examples and practical considerations are the result of many years of experience of EMC testing in railways.