Optimal control theory has numerous applications in both science and engineering. This book presents basic concepts and principles of mathematical programming in terms of set-valued analysis and develops a comprehensive optimality theory of problems described by ordinary and partial differential inclusions. - In addition to including well-recognized results of variational analysis and optimization, the book includes a number of new and important ones - Includes practical examples

Differential equations with impulses arise as models of many evolving processes that are subject to abrupt changes, such as shocks, harvesting, and natural disasters. These phenomena involve short-term perturbations from continuous and smooth dynamics, whose duration is negligible in comparison with the duration of an entire evolution. In models involving such perturbations, it is natural to assume these perturbations act instantaneously or in the form of impulses. As a consequence, impulsive differential equations have been developed in modeling impulsive problems in physics, population dynamics, ecology, biotechnology, industrial robotics, pharmacokinetics, optimal control, and so forth. There are also many different studies in biology and medicine for which impulsive differential equations provide good models. During the last 10 years, the authors have been responsible for extensive contributions to the literature on impulsive differential inclusions via fixed point methods. This book is motivated by that research as the authors endeavor to bring under one cover much of those results along with results by other researchers either affecting or affected by the authors' work. The questions of existence and stability of solutions for different classes of initial value problems for impulsive differential equations and inclusions with fixed and variable moments are considered in detail. Attention is also given to boundary value problems. In addition, since differential equations can be viewed as special cases of differential inclusions, significant attention is also given to relative questions concerning differential equations. This monograph addresses a variety of side issues that arise from its simpler beginnings as well.

Significant interest in the investigation of systems with discontinuous trajectories is explained by the development of equipment in which significant role is played by impulsive control systems and impulsive computing systems. Impulsive systems are also encountered in numerous problems of natural sciences described by mathematical models with conditions reflecting the impulsive action of external forces with pulses whose duration can be neglected. Differential equations with set-valued right-hand side arise in the investigation of evolution processes in the case of measurement errors, inaccuracy or incompleteness of information, action of bounded perturbations, violation of unique solvability conditions, etc. Differential inclusions also allow one to describe the dynamics of controlled processes and are widely used in the theory of optimal control. This monograph is devoted to the investigation of impulsive differential equations with set-valued and discontinuous right-hand sides. It is intended for researchers, lecturers, postgraduate students, and students of higher schools specialized in the field of the theory of differential equations, the theory of optimal control, and their applications.

The 7th International Conference on Large-Scale Scienti?c Computations (LSSC 2009) was held in Sozopol, Bulgaria, June 4–8, 2009. The conference was organized and sponsored by the Institute for Parallel Processing at the B- garian Academy of Sciences. The conference was devoted to the 70th birthday anniversary of Professor Zahari Zlatev. The Bulgarian Academy of Sciences awarded him the Marin Drinov medal on ribbon for his outstanding results in environmental mat- matics and for his contributions to the Bulgarian mathematical society and the Academy of Sciences. The plenary invited speakers and lectures were: – P. Arbenz, “?Finite Element Analysis of Human Bone Structures” – Y. Efendiev, “Mixed Multiscale Finite Element Methods Using Limited Global Information” – U. Langer, “Fast Solvers for Non-Linear Time-Harmonic Problems” – T. Manteu?el, “First-Order System Least-Squares Approach to Resistive Magnetohydrodynamic Equations” – K. Sabelfeld, “Stochastic Simulation for Solving Random Boundary Value Problems and Some Applications” – F. Tro ¨ltzsch,“OnFinite ElementErrorEstimatesforOptimalControlPr- lems with Elliptic PDEs” – Z. Zlatev, “On Some Stability Properties of the Richardson Extrapolation Applied Together with the ?-method” The success of the conference and the present volume in particular are an outcome of the joint e?orts of many partnersfrom various institutions and or- nizations. Firstwe wouldlike to thank allthe membersofthe Scienti?c Comm- tee for their valuable contribution forming the scienti?c face of the conference, as well as for their help in reviewing contributed papers. We especially thank the organizers of the special sessions.

The two-volume set LNCS 11973 and 11974 constitute revised selected papers from the Third International Conference on Numerical Computations: Theory and Algorithms, NUMTA 2019, held in Crotone, Italy, in June 2019. This volume, LNCS 11974, consists of 19 full and 32 short papers chosen among regular papers presented at the the Conference including also the paper of the winner (Lorenzo Fiaschi, Pisa, Italy) of The Springer Young Researcher Prize for the best NUMTA 2019 presentation made by a young scientist. The papers in part II explore the advanced research developments in such interconnected fields as local and global optimization, machine learning, approximation, and differential equations. A special focus is given to advanced ideas related to methods and applications using emerging computational paradigms.

Fractional evolution inclusions are an important form of differential inclusions within nonlinear mathematical analysis. They are generalizations of the much more widely developed fractional evolution equations (such as time-fractional diffusion equations) seen through the lens of multivariate analysis. Compared to fractional evolution equations, research on the theory of fractional differential inclusions is however only in its initial stage of development. This is important because differential models with the fractional derivative providing an excellent instrument for the description of memory and hereditary properties, and have recently been proved valuable tools in the modeling of many physical phenomena. The fractional order models of real systems are always more adequate than the classical integer order models, since the description of some systems is more accurate when the fractional derivative is used. The advantages of fractional derivatization become evident in modeling mechanical and electrical properties of real materials, description of rheological properties of rocks and in various other fields. Such models are interesting for engineers and physicists as well as so-called pure mathematicians. Phenomena investigated in hybrid systems with dry friction, processes of controlled heat transfer, obstacle problems and others can be described with the help of various differential inclusions, both linear and nonlinear. Fractional Evolution Equations and Inclusions is devoted to a rapidly developing area of the research for fractional evolution equations & inclusions and their applications to control theory. It studies Cauchy problems for fractional evolution equations, and fractional evolution inclusions with Hille-Yosida operators. It discusses control problems for systems governed by fractional evolution equations. Finally it provides an investigation of fractional stochastic evolution inclusions in Hilbert spaces. - Systematic analysis of existence theory and topological structure of solution sets for fractional evolution inclusions and control systems - Differential models with fractional derivative provide an excellent instrument for the description of memory and hereditary properties, and their description and working will provide valuable insights into the modelling of many physical phenomena suitable for engineers and physicists - The book provides the necessary background material required to go further into the subject and explore the rich research literature