With the beginning of January 2019, the new international financial reporting standard IFRS 16 became operative. It replaces the preceding IAS 17 and comes along with far reaching changes for the lessee and the lessor. This thesis will review existing literature on the development of accounting lease standards to understand the need for change. Funded back in 1994 IAS was majorly characterized by its ”all-or-nothing” approach that implemented the categorization of leases into finance- and operating leases. Whilst a finance lease recognized assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, an operating lease did not. IFRS 16 changed this with the establishment of the “right-of-use-approach”. Staring in 2019 it will be relevant for most previous operating leases in the balance sheet. The second part will explain based on existing literature (e.g. Moralez-Diaz and Zamora-Ramírez, 2018; Löbach 2015) which impacts this development will have on the accounting principles, financial statements as well as on strategic- and operational orientation of a company. To expand the perspective on this topic the underlying impacts are empirically analyzed with the conductance of four expert interviews. These involved three industrial cornerstones that are affected by the implementation of the new standard: Lessees, Lessors and Auditors. An Aviation Company, an Insurance Company as well as two Auditing firms gave their personal insights towards possible financial impacts of IFRS 16. Concisely, the new accounting standard will increase balance sheet ratios, because of the “right-of-use” asset and its corresponding liability. The EBIT and EBITDA ratios increase on the income statement. At the same time the frontloading effect creates a non-linear relation of total lease expense over the periods. As to the currently persistent low level of interest rates, this effect will be reduced. Lastly, the cash flow statement is affected as well. IFRS 16 causes a reduction of cash for operating activities whereas cash outflow used for financing activities increases. Generally, this thesis shows that the IFRS 16 standard will have impacts on companies ́ finance ratios and also on management in general. As to the complex requirements that accounting faces since January, today ́s managers will need to achieve a better organizational- and IT structure to handle these impacts.

This book presents an empirical analysis on how the new lease accounting model of IFRS 16 affects financial statements and performance of Italian companies. It discusses the theoretical framework of the off-balance sheet financing with a particular focus on the off-balance sheet lease contracts. Previous research provided controversial results about the potential impacts on the companies’ financial statement and performance deriving from leases capitalization. The application of different methodological approaches based on estimation of the expected effects resulted in inconclusive results. This book aims to measure the real impacts deriving from the post-implementation of the new lease accounting standard (IFRS 16) on companies’ financial statements, economic and financial performance, on market reactions and on financial statement’ users.

The new era of lease accounting has been started with the introduction of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 16 – Leases. Leasing is a common form of finance for many businesses and will affect most of the companies involved in leasing and especially in sectors like the airline, telecom, retail, and shipping. Listed companies around the world having approx. The US $ 3.3 trillion worth of leases. The IFRS 16 will have a substantial impact on the financial statements and will improve the quality of financial information. This standard will bring significant transparency of companies' lease commitments. This book brings together 360 views from the computation of the present value of lease liability, accounting, presentation, disclosures, taxation impact, subsequent modification and many more.

Wiley Interpretation and Application of IFRS® Standards The 2021 reference for the interpretation and application of the latest international standards Wiley IFRS® Standards 2021 is a revised and comprehensive resource that includes the information needed to interpret and apply the most recent International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS®) as outlined by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). This accessible resource contains a wide range of practical examples as well as invaluable guidance on the expanding framework for unified financial reporting. The authors provide IFRIC interpretations and directions designed to ensure a clear understanding of the most recent standards. The IFRS® standards are ever evolving, therefore it is essential that professionals and students have the information needed to apply the standards correctly in real-world cases. Wiley IFRS® Standards 2021 offers a complete, up-to-date reference that aids in the application of the latest international standards in a manner that is transparent, accountable and efficient. This edition includes IFRS 9 Financial Instruments; IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers; IFRS 16 Leases and amendments issued and effective for annual periods beginning on or after 01 January 2020 as issued by the IASB by 30 June 2020. This edition also includes some introductory guidance for IFRS 17 Insurance Contracts and incorporates the revised Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2018. This guide is written by the people passionate about IFRS® at PKF International. PKF International member firms specialise in providing high quality audit, accounting, tax, and business advisory solutions to international and domestic organisations around the globe. PKF International is a member of the Forum of Firms – an organisation dedicated to consistent and high-quality standards of financial reporting and auditing practices worldwide. www.pkf.com. PKF International Limited administers a family of legally independent firms and does not accept any responsibility or liability for the actions or inactions of any individual member or correspondent firm or firms. All rights reserved.

Revised and updated. The influence of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on accounting across the world is stronger than ever. Most importantly, this stems from the mandatory adoption of IFRSs in many parts of the world, including Europe, Canada, Australia, Brazil and, with some relatively small exceptions, China. Additionally, foreign registrants in the US are also permitted to use IFRS by the SEC. The impact of IFRSs also extends to accounting developments as the IASB and the FASB work closely together to formulate new standards such as those recently issued on leasing and revenue recognition. It is clear that investors, analysts and valuers need to understand financial statements produced under IFRS to feed in to their valuations and broader investment decisions. Written by practitioners for practitioners, the book addresses valuation from the viewpoint of the analyst, the investor and the corporate acquirer. It starts with valuation theory: what is to be discounted and at what discount rate? It explains the connection between standard methodologies based on free cash flow and on return on capital. And it emphasizes that, whichever method is used, accurate interpretation of accounting information is critical to the production of sensible valuations. The authors argue that forecasts of cash flows imply views on profits and balance sheets, and that non-cash items contain useful information about future cash flows - so profits matter. The book addresses the implications for analysis, modelling and valuation of key aspects of IFRS, all updated for recent developments, including: - Pensions - Stock options - Derivatives - Provisions - Leases - Revenue recognition - Foreign currency The text also sets out the key differences between IFRS and US GAAP treatments of these issues, in addition to their implications for analysis. A detailed case study is used to provide a step-by-step valuation of an industrial company using both free cash flow and economic profit methodologies. The authors then address a range of common valuation problems, including cyclical or immature companies, as well as the specialist accounting and modelling knowledge required for regulated utilities, resource extraction companies, banks, insurance companies, real estate companies and technology companies. Accounting for mergers and disposals is first explained and then illustrated with a detailed potential acquisition.