Desalination Project Cost Estimating and Management examines the key issues associated with the estimation of costs for desalination plants. It covers all aspects of desalination project cost estimating and management: direct and indirect capital costs, fixed and variable operation and maintenance costs, and total costs for water production. In addition, it provides a detailed overview of the factors that influence project costs and discusses the technological and project delivery methods to control and optimize project costs. The book includes cost curves for the most commonly used seawater desalination facilities and numeric examples illustrating how to prepare a budgetary cost estimate for a typical desalination project. Features: •Presents a comprehensive engineering overview of key issues associated with desalination project cost estimating. •Includes cost curves which can be used for budgetary level estimates of capital, and operation and maintenance (O&M) expenditures. •Contains easy to use cost-estimating rules of thumb derived from actual desalination projects. •Includes several numeric examples illustrating the cost estimating process.

NOTE TO THE READER: All forms and material that were previously on a CD-ROM that accompanied this book have been moved to the following web site: http://booksupport.wiley.com Tested-and-proven techniques for quick, accurate estimates Here is the first manual that guides engineers, planners, and contractors through the process of estimating the cost of building water treatment facilities. Based on more than eighty years of the two authors' collective experience, the Cost Estimating Manual for Water Treatment Facilities not only enables you to arrive at a dependable estimate, it shows you how to do it quickly with a minimum of information and supporting data. In order to ensure reliability, the authors have compiled and analyzed the results from their own construction cost estimates for more than 500 projects as well as the results from many other engineers and contractors. The manual identifies forty-three treatment processes, nine types of water treatment plants, plus five additional types of advanced water treatment plants. The authors then demonstrate how to calculate costs for each element, accounting for needed mark-ups and allowances in order to arrive at the total plant construction cost. To help you make your own estimates, the manual provides: Examples of cost estimates for different water treatment processes Historical data from several public agencies Sample tables for 10 mgd and 100 mgd product water flow rates for each type of treatment plant Website access with Excel spreadsheets that enable you to perform estimates using your own data Now that the Cost Estimating Manual for Water Treatment Facilities is available, you no longer have to rely on hunches and anecdotal information; you have a proven, scientific method that leads to reliable estimates.

There has been an exponential increase in desalination capacity both globally and nationally since 1960, fueled in part by growing concern for local water scarcity and made possible to a great extent by a major federal investment for desalination research and development. Traditional sources of supply are increasingly expensive, unavailable, or controversial, but desalination technology offers the potential to substantially reduce water scarcity by converting the almost inexhaustible supply of seawater and the apparently vast quantities of brackish groundwater into new sources of freshwater. Desalination assesses the state of the art in relevant desalination technologies, and factors such as cost and implementation challenges. It also describes reasonable long-term goals for advancing desalination technology, posits recommendations for action and research, estimates the funding necessary to support the proposed research agenda, and identifies appropriate roles for governmental and nongovernmental entities.

GAS HYDRATE IN WATER TREATMENT Explores current progress in the expanding field of gas hydrate-based desalination As potable water shortages continue to affect billions of people worldwide, seawater desalination and wastewater treatment have the potential to meet freshwater demands in the near future. Gas hydrate-based desalination, a process which requires CO2 and water as solvent, has become an increasingly popular approach—desalination with hydrates is environmentally friendly and can produce cheaper desalted water than other existing conventional technologies. Gas Hydrate in Water Treatment: Technological, Economic, and Industrial Aspects provides detailed, up-to-date reference to the application of gas hydrates in wastewater and seawater desalination treatment. Edited by experienced researchers in the field, this comprehensive volume describes the fundamental aspects of desalination and summarizes the latest research on gas hydrate-based desalination. The authors address a broad range of key topics, including issues related to water scarcity, post-treatment of desalinated water using both conventional and new technologies, hydrate-based desalination methods driven by renewable energy sources, and more. Provides thorough coverage of the technological, waste brine management, economic, and renewable energy and remineralization aspects of gas hydrate-based wastewater treatment Describes the energetic, economic, and environmental impact of gas hydrate desalination Explains the core concepts of gas hydrate-based desalination to help readers evaluate the performance of existing desalination processes Discusses the advantages and challenges of hydrate-based water treatment Compares conventional and gas hydrate technologies used in water treatment Reviews the most recent research in gas hydrate-based desalination Gas Hydrate in Water Treatment: Technological, Economic, and Industrial Aspects is an essential resource for all academics, researchers, process engineers, designers, industry professionals, and advanced students in the field.

An in-depth guide to reverse osmosis desalination This Water Environment Federation and WateReuse Association publication provides comprehensive information on the planning and engineering of brackish and seawater desalination projects for municipal water supplies. After a brief overview of widely used desalination technologies, Desalination Engineering focuses on reverse osmosis desalination. The book discusses basic principles, planning and environmental review of projects, design and selection of key desalination plant components, desalinated water posttreatment, and concentrate management. Guidelines on sizing and cost estimation of desalination plant facilities are also included in this practical resource. COVERAGE INCLUDES: Source water quality characterization Fundamentals of reverse osmosis desalination Planning considerations Environmental review and permitting Intakes for source water collection Intake pump stations Source water screening and conditioning Sand removal, sedimentation, and dissolved air flotation Pretreatment by granular media filtration Pretreatment by membrane filtration Comparison of granular media and membrane pretreatment Reverse osmosis separation Post-treatment of desalinated water Desalination plant discharge management Desalination project cost estimates

Prepared by the Task Committee on the Development of Prestandards for Concentrate Management Case Studies of the Desalination and Water Reuse Technical Committee of the Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater Council of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute of ASCE.Concentrate Management in Desalination: Case Studies, Second Edition, reviews the state-of-the-practice for managing concentrate streams resulting from desalination processes.Concentrate management and disposal in desalination pose environmental and cost concerns--and often determine whether a desalination project is viable, especially for inland communities. This book examines many facets of concentrate management in desalination, including process design and configuration; regulatory setting; environmental, climate change, and sustainability issues; and economic evaluation of projects. Thirteen case studies are offered to demonstrate different techniques for disposing of concentrates associated with the following types of projects: ocean and bays discharge, sanitary sewer or surface water disposal, deep-well injection, zero liquid discharge (ZLD) or near ZLD, and land disposal and/or evaporation ponds.Environmental engineers, water practitioners and managers responsible for the design, operation, research, and evaluation of regional desalination and water reuse facilities will find a wealth of practical information in this updated and expanded edition.

Over the past half century, reverse osmosis (RO) has grown from a nascent niche technology into the most versatile and effective desalination and advanced water treatment technology available. However, there remain certain challenges for improving the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of RO desalination plants in various applications. In low-pressure RO applications, both capital (CAPEX) and operating (OPEX) costs are largely influenced by product water recovery, which is typically limited by mineral scale formation. In seawater applications, recovery tends to be limited by the salinity limits on brine discharge and cost is dominated by energy demand. The combination of water scarcity and sustainability imperatives, in many locations, is driving system designs towards minimal and zero liquid discharge (M/ZLD) for inland brackish water, municipal and industrial wastewaters, and even seawater desalination. Herein, we review the basic principles of RO processes, the state-of-the-art for RO membranes, modules and system designs as well as methods for concentrating and treating brines to achieve MLD/ZLD, resource recovery and renewable energy powered desalination systems. Throughout, we provide examples of installations employing conventional and some novel approaches towards high recovery RO in a range of applications from brackish groundwater desalination to oil and gas produced water treatment and seawater desalination.