Economics can be a lens for understanding the behavior of schools, districts, states, and nations in meeting education needs of their populaces, as well as for understanding the individual decisions made by administrators, teachers, and students. Insights from economics help decision makers at the state level understand how to raise and distribute funds for public schools in an equitable manner for both schools and taxpayers. Economics also can assist researchers in analyzing effects of school spending and teacher compensation on student outcomes. And economics can provide important insights into public debates on issues such as whether to offer vouchers for subsidizing student attendance at private schools. This two-volume encyclopedia contains over 300 entries by experts in the field that cover these issues and more. Features: This work of 2 volumes (in both print and electronic formats) contains 300-350 signed entries by significant figures in the field. Entries conclude with cross-references and suggestions for further readings to guide students to in-depth resources. Although organized in A-to-Z fashion, a thematic "Reader’s Guide" in the front matter groups related entries by topic. Also in the front matter, a chronology provides students with historical perspective on the development of education economics and finance as a field of study The entire work concludes with a Resources appendix and a comprehensive Index. In the electronic version, the index, Reader′s Guide, and cross references combine to provide effective search-and-browse capabilities. Key Themes: Accountability and Education Policy Budgeting and Accounting in Education Finance Education Markets, Choice, and Incentives Equity and Adequacy in School Finance Financing of Higher Education Key Concepts in the Economics of Education Private and Social Returns to Human Capital Investments Production and Costs of Schooling Revenue and Aid for Schools Statistical Methods in the Economics of Education Teachers and Teacher Labor Markets

Much of California's school funding is allocated through programs whose funding comes with requirements that districts use the money to support specific programs. In 2008-09, the strings were taken off 40 of these programs as part of a deal that also reduced their funding. This report presents the results of a survey of California's district chief financial officers (CFOs), describing how they made decisions in light of this new state policy.