The book provides a theoretical and practical foundation for understanding the use of force by criminal justice practitioners and to provide examples of "best practices" for the use of force that incorporate research, principles, and philosophies. Chapter 1 discusses the background of the use of force by criminal justice practitioners, walking the reader through the history and the purpose of the use of force before turning to a discussion of the extent of force. This chapter deals with issues of police professionalism, character, and ethics. Chapter 2 considers the assessment of risk when faced with the possibility of using force against a suspect. A four stage Predatory Prevention Matrix is presented that helps pinpoint opportunities for proactive prevention efforts to quell suspect use of violence at the earliest stages. The four stages involve policy, control, risk, and phases of an attack and offer three levels (primary, secondary, and tertiary) for criminal justice intervention. Chapter 3 advises on the development of departmental use of force policies. The use of force continuum is described, which guides officers on appropriate levels of force, from simple officer presence to verbal direction, soft and hard empty hand control, and defensive and less-than-lethal tactics. Chapter 4 explores use of force training philosophies, perspectives, and techniques. The author explores training standards and programs, as well as the scope of use of force techniques, before presenting a model of best practices in use of force training.

Saratoga weaves together the political, strategic, tactical, and operational aspects of this decisive Revolutionary War campaign. Supported by original maps, engaging appendices, and extensive end notes, Luzader's magisterial study is simply history at its finest--Cover.

In the pantheon of air power spokesmen, Giulio Douhet holds center stage. His writings, more often cited than perhaps actually read, appear as excerpts and aphorisms in the writings of numerous other air power spokesmen, advocates-and critics. Though a highly controversial figure, the very controversy that surrounds him offers to us a testimonial of the value and depth of his work, and the need for airmen today to become familiar with his thought. The progressive development of air power to the point where, today, it is more correct to refer to aerospace power has not outdated the notions of Douhet in the slightest In fact, in many ways, the kinds of technological capabilities that we enjoy as a global air power provider attest to the breadth of his vision. Douhet, together with Hugh “Boom” Trenchard of Great Britain and William “Billy” Mitchell of the United States, is justly recognized as one of the three great spokesmen of the early air power era. This reprint is offered in the spirit of continuing the dialogue that Douhet himself so perceptively began with the first edition of this book, published in 1921. Readers may well find much that they disagree with in this book, but also much that is of enduring value. The vital necessity of Douhet’s central vision-that command of the air is all important in modern warfare-has been proven throughout the history of wars in this century, from the fighting over the Somme to the air war over Kuwait and Iraq.