Jusqu'à la fin des années 1970 on a privilégié les interventions de suppléance familiale en séparant l'enfant de sa famille dans un souci de protection. Depuis, il est apparu préférable de maintenir l'enfant dans sa famille et de développer des actions à domicile auprès des parents afin de les soutenir et les aider dans l'exercice de leurs fonctions éducatives, d'où progressivement l'essor de dispositifs et de pratiques de soutien à la parentalité.

Le terme “Service” a orienté les travaux de recherche et de formation lors du XIIIème Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Formation et de Recherche en Education Familiale (AIFREF). Il s'agissait, en l'occurrence, de se mettre au service de la petite enfance. L'acte qui consiste à se consacrer au service d'un être qui chemine sur la voie de l'autonomie a pris une consistance et une importance sans cesse croissantes au cours du développement de la modernité. Aujourd'hui, celle-ci connaît une profonde mutation : entrant dans la postmodernité, nous constatons que la notion de service prend un tout autre sens. Pour mieux être au service de l'enfance, il s'agit maintenant de savoir ce qui peut lui être utile. Qu'est-ce qui permet à l'enfant de grandir et de s'émanciper? Et, dès lors, quels services convient-il de rendre à l'enfance? Quelles sont la relevance, l'efficience, l'efficacité et la durabilité de ces services délibérément conçus et opérationnalisés? Ces questions ont fait l'objet d'une mise en examen et ont orienté les travaux du XIIIème Congrès de l'AIFREF.

Prominent scientists from perinatal medicine, paediatrics, psychology and sociology will meet in Modena, Italy to explore birth as a complex psychological experience for mother, father and child. The proceedings of this interdisciplinary congress are here published in English to reach the broadest possible scientific audience. The goal is to create a dialogue between humanistic and medical perspectives with regard to conception, pregnancy and birth in an era of rapid biotechnological progress, taking different social and cultural contexts into account.

An argument that French adoption policies reflect and enforce the state's notions of gender, parenthood, and citizenship. In May 2013, after months of controversy, France legalized same-sex marriage and adoption by homosexual couples. Obstacles to adoption and parenting equality remain, however—many of them in the form of cultural and political norms reflected and expressed in French adoption policies. In The Politics of Adoption, Bruno Perreau describes the evolution of these policies. In the past thirty years, Perreau explains, political and intellectual life in France have been dominated by debates over how to preserve “Frenchness,” and these debates have driven policy making. Adoption policies, he argues, link adoption to citizenship, reflecting and enforcing the postcolonial state's notions of parenthood, gender, and Frenchness. After reviewing the complex history of adoption, Perreau examines French political debates over adoption, noting, among other things, that intercountry adoptions stirred far less controversy than the difference between the sexes in an adopting couple. He also discusses judicial action on adoption; child welfare agencies as gatekeepers to parenthood (as defined by experts); the approval process from the viewpoints of social workers and applicants; and adoption's link to citizenship, and its use as a metaphor for belonging. Adopting a Foucaultian perspective, Perreau calls the biopolitics of adoption “pastoral”: it manages the individual for the good of the collective “flock”; it considers itself outside politics; and it considers not so much the real behavior of individuals as an allegorical representation of them. His argument sheds new light on American debates on bioethics, identity, and citizenship.

First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This title was first published in 2002. The field of child and youth care is under increasing pressure to optimize its mission: to deliver high quality support and to help children, parents and families in need of care. This unique and valuable book brings to light a new vision on developments and research in the field and informs the reader on recent findings.