The author evaluates the costs and/or gains and the interference (positive or negative) in the commercial, public administrative and social spheres that data protection laws have the potential to create, with numerous references to legislation and administrative decision making in a wide variety of jurisdictions.

The complexities of implementing the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) continue to grow as it progresses through new and ever-changing technologies, business models, codes of conduct, and decisions of the supervisory authorities, and the courts. This eminently practical guide to implementing the GDPR – written in an original, problem-solving style by a highly experienced data protection expert with equal knowledge of both law and technology – provides a step-by-step project management approach to building a GDPR-compliant data protection system, assessing, and documenting the risks and then implementing these changes through processes at the operational level. With detailed attention to case law (Member State, ECJ, and ECHR), especially where affecting high-risk areas that have attracted scrutiny, the guidance proceeds systematically through such topics and issues as the following: required documentation, policies, and procedures; risk assessment tools and analysis frameworks; children’s data; employee and health data; international transfers post-Schrems II; data subject rights including the right of access; data retention and erasure; tracking and surveillance; and effects of technologies such as artificial intelligence, biometrics, and machine learning. With its practical examples derived from the author’s experience in building GDPR-compliant software, as well as its analysis of case law and enforcement priorities, this incomparable guide enables company data protection officers and compliance staff to advise on key issues with full awareness of the legal and reputational risks and how to mitigate them. It is also sure to be of immeasurable value to concerned regulators and policymakers at all government levels. “…it's going to be the go to resource for practitioners.” Tom Gilligan, Data Protection Consultant, September 2021 "I purchased this book recently and I’m very glad I did. It’s the textbook I have been waiting for. As someone relatively new to data protection, I was finding it very difficult to find books on the practical side of data protection. This book is very clearly laid out with practical examples and case law given for each topic, which is immensely helpful. I would recommend it to any data protection practitioners." Jennifer Breslin, LLM CIPP/E, AIPP Member

This book provides a snapshot of privacy laws and practices from a varied set of jurisdictions in order to offer guidance on national and international contemporary issues regarding the processing of personal data and serves as an up-to-date resource on the applications and practice-relevant examples of data protection laws in different countries. Privacy violations emerging at an ever-increasing rate, due to evolving technology and new lifestyles linked to an intensified online presence of ever more individuals, required the design of a novel data protection and privacy regulation. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) stands as an example of a regulatory response to these demands. The authors included in this book offer an in-depth analysis of the national data protection legislation of various countries across different continents, not only including country-specific details but also comparing the idiosyncratic characteristics of these national privacy laws to the GDPR. Valuable comparative information on data protection regulations around the world is thus provided in one concise volume. Due to the variety of jurisdictions covered and the practical examples focused on, both academics and legal practitioners will find this book especially useful, while for compliance practitioners it can serve as a guide regarding transnational data transfers. Elif Kiesow Cortez is Senior Lecturer at the International and European Law Program at The Hague University of Applied Sciences in The Netherlands.

This book provides a comparison and practical guide for academics, students, and the business community of the current data protection laws in selected Asia Pacific countries (Australia, India, Indonesia, Japan Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand) and the European Union. The book shows how over the past three decades the range of economic, political, and social activities that have moved to the internet has increased significantly. This technological transformation has resulted in the collection of personal data, its use and storage across international boundaries at a rate that governments have been unable to keep pace. The book highlights challenges and potential solutions related to data protection issues arising from cross-border problems in which personal data is being considered as intellectual property, within transnational contracts and in anti-trust law. The book also discusses the emerging challenges in protecting personal data and promoting cyber security. The book provides a deeper understanding of the legal risks and frameworks associated with data protection law for local, regional and global academics, students, businesses, industries, legal profession and individuals.

The rapid development of information technology has exacerbated the need for robust personal data protection, the right to which is safeguarded by both European Union (EU) and Council of Europe (CoE) instruments. Safeguarding this important right entails new and significant challenges as technological advances expand the frontiers of areas such as surveillance, communication interception and data storage. This handbook is designed to familiarise legal practitioners not specialised in data protection with this emerging area of the law. It provides an overview of the EU’s and the CoE’s applicable legal frameworks. It also explains key case law, summarising major rulings of both the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. In addition, it presents hypothetical scenarios that serve as practical illustrations of the diverse issues encountered in this ever-evolving field.

All are agreed that the digital economy contributes to a dynamic evolution of markets and competition. Nonetheless, concerns are increasingly raised about the market dominance of a few key players. Because these companies hold the power to drive rivals out of business, regulators have begun to seek scope for competition enforcement in cases where companies claim that withholding data is needed to satisfy customers and cut costs. This book is the first focus on how competition law enforcement tools can be applied to refusals of dominant firms to give access data on online platforms such as search engines, social networks, and e-commerce platforms – commonly referred to as the ‘gatekeepers’ of the Internet. The question arises whether the denial of a dominant firm to grant competitors access to its data could constitute a ‘refusal to deal’ and lead to competition law liability under the so-called ‘essential facilities doctrine', according to which firms need access to shared knowledge in order to be able to compete. A possible duty to share data with rivals also brings to the forefront the interaction of competition law with data protection legislation considering that the required information may include personal data of individuals. Building on the refusal to deal concept, and using a multidisciplinary approach, the analysis covers such issues and topics as the following: – data portability; – interoperability; – data as a competitive advantage or entry barrier in digital markets; – market definition and dominance with respect to data; – disruptive versus sustaining innovation; – role of intellectual property regimes; – economic trade-off in essential facilities cases; – relationship of competition enforcement with data protection law and – data-related competition concerns in merger cases. The author draws on a wealth of relevant material, including EU and US decision-making practice, case law, and policy documents, as well as economic and empirical literature on the link between competition and innovation. The book concludes with a proposed framework for the application of the essential facilities doctrine to potential forms of abuse of dominance relating to data. In addition, it makes suggestions as to how data protection interests can be integrated into competition policy. An invaluable contribution to ongoing academic and policy discussions about how data-related competition concerns should be addressed under competition law, the analysis clearly demonstrates how existing competition tools for market definition and assessment of dominance can be applied to online platforms. It will be of immeasurable value to the many jurists, business persons, and academics concerned with this very timely subject.