Of the approximately 640 muscles in the human body, over 10% of them are found in the craniofacial region. The craniofacial muscles are involved in a number of crucial non-locomotor activities, and are critical to the most basic functions of life, including vision, taste, chewing and food manipulation, swallowing, respiration, speech, as well as regulating facial expression and controlling facial aperture patency. Despite their importance, the biology of these small skeletal muscles is relatively unexplored. Only recently have we begun to understand their unique embryonic development and the genes that control it and characteristic features that separate them from the skeletal muscle stereotype. This book is the most comprehensive reference to date on craniofacial muscle development, structure, function, and disease. It details the state-of-the-art basic science of the craniofacial muscles, and describes their unique response to major neuromuscular conditions. Most importantly, the text highlights how the craniofacial muscles are different from most skeletal muscles, and why they have been viewed as a distinct allotype. In addition, the text points to major gaps in our knowledge about these very important skeletal muscles and identified key gaps in our knowledge and areas primed for further study and discovery.

Provides clinicians with a basic background for treating craniofacial anomalies. Includes a CD-ROM with entire text and illustrations of the book in fully searchable PDF files Accompanying CD also contains three-dimensional movies that show reconstructions of embryos

This book brings together in one volume selected important topics in craniofacial growth. Topics include: principles of skeletal growth; osteogenesis and its control; formation of the cranial base and craniofacial joints; prenatal development of the facial skeleton; growth of the mandible, nasomaxillary complex, orbit, cranial base, ear capsule, and cranial vault; bone remodeling; muscles; soft tissues; and blood vessels. Fundamentals of Craniofacial Growth contains detailed illustrations and extensive reference lists. Independently authored chapters provide comprehensive reviews encompassing both contemporary and historical perspectives. In addition to medicine and dentistry, contributors provide expertise from such diverse backgrounds as anatomy, biology, biomathematics, embryology, orthodontics, physical anthropology, and plastic and reconstructive surgery.

Rhytidoplasty is a palliative procedure in which face wrinkles are surgically removed to promote a more youthful appearance. This book, written by leading specialists for Brazil and abroad, discusses a wide variety of topics related to facial rejuvenation. The first sections focus on the surgical planning, including psychological considerations, preparation of the patient and anatomical and biochemical changes caused by the aging process. It also describes the surgical anatomy of the forehead, face, neck and eyelids. The third section provides a comprehensive overview of the basic techniques of facelift with details of refined surgical approaches for each segment of the face and neck. It highlights liposuction techniques, lipo-injection as well as transference of stem cells, showing their importance in reshaping the facial contours. It addresses both the treatment of soft tissue and craniofacial bone structures to improve the aesthetics of the face. The next sections present the final scars after face-lifting, minimally invasive procedures as complementary approaches during rhytidoplasty and the associated procedures during rhytidoplasty. The last section discusses postoperative care. Aesthetic Facial Surgery consists of 64 chapters focusing on all aspects of face lifting, and meticulously describes surgical details not covered in other medical books. Featuring numerous figures, photographs and videos, it is a valuable resource for young and experience surgeons alike around the world.

Craniofacial development is a multistep and intricate process initially involving a number of inductive interactions that control neural and neural crest development, which are followed by a series of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that control outgrowth, patterning, and skeletal differentiation. Certain aspects of craniofacial development are unique developmental processes in higher vertebrates. First, in higher vertebrates the cranial neural crest, in contrast to the trunk neural crest, gives rise to the skeletal structures. These skeletal elements include those comprising mem brane bone and secondary cartilage, which with the exception of the clavicle are tissue types found exclusively in the head in higher vertebrates. Second, with the exception of the tongue, the origin of the musculature is distinct from other regions of the body. The body and tongue muscles are formed from the segmented epithelial somites whilst the head musculature is formed from unsegmented paraxial and prechordal mesoderm. Furthermore, the signalling cascades that control myogenic differentia tion appear to be distinct as determined by gene expression and the response of myogenic cells to growth factors. Finally, the neurogenic placodes, which give rise to the sensory organs and some cranial ganglia, are only found in the head. Over recent years, there have been significant advances in our knowledge of the molecular proc esses that control craniofacial development in a number of animal models. This has given insight into the genes that control many aspects of head development from the initial induction of the head to the final stages of differentiation.

Stem Cells, Craniofacial Development and Regeneration is an introduction to stem cells with an emphasis on their role in craniofacial development. Divided into five sections, chapters build from basic introductory information on the definition and characteristics of stem cells to more indepth explorations of their role in craniofacial development. Section I covers embryonic and adult stem cells with a focus on the craniofacial region, while sections II-IV cover the development and regeneration of craniofacial bone, tooth, temporomandibular joint, salivary glands and muscle. Concluding chapters describe the current, cutting-edge research utilizing stem cells for craniofacial tissue bioengineering to treat lost or damaged tissue. The authoritative resource for dentistry students as well as craniofacial researchers at the graduate and post-graduate level, Stem Cells, Craniofacial Development and Regeneration explores the rapidly expanding field of stem cells and regeneration from the perspective of the dentistry and craniofacial community, and points the way forward in areas of tissue bioengineering and craniofacial stem cell therapies.