A work on turbulent premixed combustion is important because of increased concern about the environmental impact of combustion and the search for new combustion concepts and technologies. An improved understanding of lean fuel turbulent premixed flames must play a central role in the fundamental science of these new concepts. Lean premixed flames have the potential to offer ultra-low emission levels, but they are notoriously susceptible to combustion oscillations. Thus, sophisticated control measures are inevitably required. The editors' intent is to set out the modeling aspects in the field of turbulent premixed combustion. Good progress has been made on this topic, and this cohesive volume contains contributions from international experts on various subtopics of the lean premixed flame problem.

The combustion of fossil fuels remains a key technology for the foreseeable future. It is therefore important that we understand the mechanisms of combustion and, in particular, the role of turbulence within this process. Combustion always takes place within a turbulent flow field for two reasons: turbulence increases the mixing process and enhances combustion, but at the same time combustion releases heat which generates flow instability through buoyancy, thus enhancing the transition to turbulence. The four chapters of this book present a thorough introduction to the field of turbulent combustion. After an overview of modeling approaches, the three remaining chapters consider the three distinct cases of premixed, non-premixed, and partially premixed combustion, respectively. This book will be of value to researchers and students of engineering and applied mathematics by demonstrating the current theories of turbulent combustion within a unified presentation of the field.

This two-volume set presents the proceedings from the 8th International Symposium on Transport Phenomena in Combustion. There are more than 150 chapters that provide an extensive review of topics such as complete numerical simulation of combustion and heat transfer in furnaces and boilers, the interaction of combustion and heat transfer in porous media for low emission, high efficiency applications, industrial combustion technology, experimental and diagnostic methods and active combustion control, and fire research, internal combustion engine, Nox and soot emission.

Simultaneous images of the CH and OH reaction zones are reported for Intensely Wrinkled nonpremixed flames, to determine whether reaction zones retain their thin laminar flamelet structure or become distributed reaction zones. Intensely Wrinkled Flames (IWFs) were achieved by using a special burner with large coflow air velocities to obtain a normalized turbulence intensity of 3.6, which is 10 times greater than the turbulence intensity within jet flames. The images were used to measure profiles of the flame surface density and the average CH layer thickness; it is argued that these parameters are the ones that should be used to assess new large eddy simulations (LESs), rather than insensitive parameters such as mean concentrations. In the regime of IWFs, the CH reaction zones remained as thin as those measured in laminar jet flames (i.e., less than 1 mm thick) and had the appearance of flamelets. These thin reaction zones were extinguished before they became thickened by intense turbulence, which provides experimental evidence to support laminar flamelet modeling concepts. Shredded flames occurred, within which the reaction zones were short, discontinuous segments, and the degree of flame wrinkling was significantly larger than in jet flames. Shredded flames have not been observed previously. There is no evidence of small-scale wrinkling of the reaction zones at scales less than half the integral scale. The images showed where the instantaneous stoichiometric contour is located, since it exists at the boundary between the CH and OH layers. Flame surface densities were typically 0.3 mm to the negative 1 power.

In this ready reference, top academic researchers, industry players and government officers join forces to develop commercial concepts for the transition from current nuclear or fossil fuel-based energy to renewable energy systems within a limited time span. They take into account the latest science and technology, including an analysis of the feasibility and impact on the environment, economy and society. In so doing, they discuss such complex topics as electrical and gas grids, fossil power plants and energy storage technologies. The contributions also include robust, conceivable and breakthrough technologies that will be viable and implementable by 2020.