Part murder mystery, part social history of political violence, Lethal Provocation is a forensic examination of the deadliest peacetime episode of anti-Jewish violence in modern French history. Joshua Cole reconstructs the 1934 riots in Constantine, Algeria, in which tensions between Muslims and Jews were aggravated by right-wing extremists, resulting in the deaths of twenty-eight people. Animating the unrest was Mohamed El Maadi, a soldier in the French army. Later a member of a notorious French nationalist group that threatened insurrection in the late 1930s, El Maadi became an enthusiastic supporter of France's Vichy regime in World War II, and finished his career in the German SS. Cole cracks the "cold case" of El Maadi's participation in the events, revealing both his presence at the scene and his motives in provoking violence at a moment when the French government was debating the rights of Muslims in Algeria. Local police and authorities came to know about the role of provocation in the unrest and killings and purposely hid the truth during the investigation that followed. Cole's sensitive history brings into high relief the cruelty of social relations in the decades before the war for Algerian independence.

In this present internet age, risk analysis and crisis response based on information will make up a digital world full of possibilities and improvements to people‘s daily life and capabilities. These services will be supported by more intelligent systems and more effective decisionmaking. This book contains all the papers presented at the 4th Inter

First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This proceedings book gives a new vision and real progress towards more difficult problems resolution. In trying to solve the problems we face every day in the complex world we are living, we are constantly developing artificial systems and increasingly complex middleware. Indeed, the research works contained in this book address a large spread of nowadays topics like IoT architectures, communication and routing protocols, smart systems, software defined networks (SDNs), natural language processing (NLP), social media, health systems, machine intelligence and data science, soft computing and optimization, and software technology. This book, which is a selective collection of research papers accepted by the international program committee of the 6th International Symposium on Modelling and Implementation of Complex Systems (MISC 2020), considers intelligence (CI) more as a way of thinking about problems. It includes a mix of old efficient (Fuzzy, NN, GA) and modern AI techniques (deep learning and CNN). The whole complex systems research community finds in this book an appropriate way to approach problems that have no algorithmic solution and finds many well-formulated technical challenges.