Experimental and numerical studies are carried out to develop a surrogate that can reproduce selected aspects of combustion of JP-8. Surrogate fuels are defined as mixtures of few hydrocarbon compounds with combustion characteristics similar to those of commercial fuels. A mixture of n-decane and trimethylbenzene, called the Aachen surrogate, and a mixture of n-dodecane, methylcyclohexane, and o-xylene called Surrogate C are selected for consideration as possible surrogates of JP-8. Experiments under nonpremixed conditions are carried out employing the counterflow configuration. The fuels tested are JP-8 and the Aachen surrogate. Critical conditions of extinction, autoignition, and volume fraction of soot measured in laminar nonpremixed flows burning the Aachen surrogate are found to be similar to those in flames burning JP-8. Numerical calculations are performed using the chemical kinetic mechanism for the Aachen surrogate. The calculated values of the critical conditions of autoignition and soot volume fraction agree well with experimental data. Experimental studies are carried out to characterize premixed combustion of jet fuels and its surrogates in laminar nonuniform flows. The counterflow configuration is employed. Studies are performed with a premixed reactant stream made up of prevaporized fuel, oxygen and nitrogen from one duct, and an inert stream of nitrogen from the other duct. Critical conditions of extinction are measured for JP-8, Aachen surrogate and Surrogate C. The measured critical conditions of extinction of these surrogates agree well with those for JP-8. This study confirms that the Aachen Surrogate and Surrogate C are possible surrogates of JP-8.

Fundamentals of Combustion Processes is designed as a textbook for an upper-division undergraduate and graduate level combustion course in mechanical engineering. The authors focus on the fundamental theory of combustion and provide a simplified discussion of basic combustion parameters and processes such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, ignition, diffusion and pre-mixed flames. The text includes exploration of applications, example exercises, suggested homework problems and videos of laboratory demonstrations

Soot is of importance for its contribution to atmospheric particles with their adverse health impacts and for its contributions to heat transfer in furnaces and combustors, to luminosity from candles, and to smoke that hinders escape from buildings during fires and that impacts global warming or cooling. The different chapters of the book adress comprehensively the different aspects from fundamental approaches to applications in technical combustion devices.

Issues in Energy Conversion, Transmission, and Systems: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Energy Conversion, Transmission, and Systems. The editors have built Issues in Energy Conversion, Transmission, and Systems: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Energy Conversion, Transmission, and Systems in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Issues in Energy Conversion, Transmission, and Systems: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

This book covers the state-of-the-art advances in several areas of energy, combustion, power, propulsion, and environment, focusing on the use of conventional and alternative fuels. It presents novel developments in the areas of biofuels and value added products from various feedstock materials, along with thermal management, emission control and environmental issues from energy conversion. Written by internationally renowned experts, the chapters in this volume cover the latest fundamental and applied research innovations on cleaner energy utilization for a wide range of devices extending from micro scale energy conversion to hypersonic propulsion using hydrocarbon fuels. The book will be useful as a ready reference for managers and practicing and research engineers, as well as graduate students and research organizations and institutions.

Fundamentals and Technology of Combustion contains brief descriptions of combustion fundamental processes, followed by an extensive survey of the combustion research technology. It also includes mathematical combustion modeling of the processes covering mainly premixed and diffusion flames, where many chemical and physical processes compete in complex ways, for both laminar and turbulent flows. The combustion chemistry models that validate experimental data for different fuels are sufficiently accurate to allow confident predictions of the flame characteristics. This illustrates a unique bridge between combustion fundamentals and combustion technology, which provides a valuable technical reference for many engineers and scientists. Moreover, the book gives the reader sufficient background of basic engineering sciences such as chemistry, thermodynamics, heat transfer and fluid mechanics. The combustion research and mathematical models fit between small-scale laboratory burner flames, and large-scale industrial boilers, furnaces and combustion chambers. The materials have been collected from previous relevant research and some selected papers of the authors and co-workers, which have been presented mainly in different refereed journals, international conferences and symposia, thus providing a comprehensive collection. Furthermore, the book includes some of the many recent general correlations for the characteristics of laminar, turbulent, premixed and diffusion flames in an easily usable form. The authors believe that further progress in optimizing combustion performance and reducing polluting emissions can only be treated through understanding of combustion chemistry.