The motivation for the research that is described in these volumes is the wish to explain things in terms of their underlying causes, rather than merely being satisfied with phenomenological descriptions. When this reductionist approach is applied to information processing it allows the internal structure of information to be analysed, so information processing algorithms can then be derived from first principles. One of the simplest examples of this approach is the diagonalisation of a data covariance matrix – there are many variants of this basic approach, such as singular value decomposition – in which the assumed independent components of high-dimensional data are identified and extracted. The main limitation of this type of information analysis approach is that it is based on linear algebra applied globally to the data space, so it is unable to preserve information about any local data structure in the data space. For instance, if the data lives on a low-dimensional curved manifold embedded in the data space, then only the global properties of this manifold would be preserved by global linear algebra methods. In practice, data whose high-dimensional structure is non-trivial typically lives on a noisy version of a curved manifold, so techniques for analysing such data must automatically handle this type of structure. For instance, a blurred image of a point source is described by its underlying degrees of freedom – i.e. the position of the source – and as the source moves about it generates a curved manifold that lives in the high-dimensional space of pixel values of the sampled image. The basic problem is then to deduce the internal properties of this manifold by analysing examples of such images. A more challenging problem would be to extend this analysis to images that contain several overlapping blurred images of point sources, and so on. There is no limit to the complexity of the types of high-dimensional data that one might want to analyse. These methods then need to be automated so that they do not rely on human intervention, which would then allow them to be inserted as “components” into information processing networks. The purpose of the research that is described in these volumes is to develop principled information processing methods that can be used for such analysis. Self-organising information processing networks arise naturally in this context, in which ways of cutting up the original manifold into simpler pieces emerge automatically.

Among the founding fathers of modern quantum physics few have contributed to our basic understanding of its concepts as much as E.P. Wigner. His articles on the epistemology of quantum mechanics and the measurement problem, and the basic role of symmetries were of fundamental importance for all subsequent work. He was also the first to discuss the concept of consciousness from the point of view of modern physics. G.G. Emch edited most of those papers and wrote a very helpful introduction into Wigner's contributions to Natural Philosophy. The book should be a gem for all those interested in the history and philosophy of science.

Among the most influential political and social forces of the twentieth century, modern communism rests firmly on philosophical, political, and economic underpinnings developed by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin. For anyone who seeks to understand the twentieth century, capitalism, the Russian Revolution, and the role of Communism in the tumultuous political and social movements that have shaped the modern world, the works of Lenin offer unparalleled insight and understanding. Taken together, they represent a balanced cross-section of his revolutionary theories of history, politics, and economics; his tactics for securing and retaining power; and his vision of a new social and economic order. This first volume contains four works ("New Economic Developments in Peasant Life," "On the So-Called Market Question," "What the 'Friends of the People' Are and How They Fight the Social- Democrats," "The Economic Content of Narodism and the Criticism of It in Mr. Struve's Book") written by Lenin in 1893-1894, at the outset of his revolutionary activity, during the first years of the struggle to establish a workers' revolutionary party in Russia.

The authoritative edition of early psychiatric studies by Jung, which foreshadow much of his later work Psychiatric Studies gathers writings on descriptive and experimental psychiatry that Jung published between 1902 and 1905, early in his career as a psychiatrist. The book opens with a study that foreshadows much of his later work and is indispensable to all serious students of his psychiatric career. This is his medical-degree dissertation, “On the Psychology and Pathology of So-called Occult Phenomena,” a detailed analysis of the case of an adolescent girl who professed to be a medium. This volume also includes papers on cryptomnesia, hysterical parapraxes in reading, manic mood disorder, simulated insanity, and other subjects.

Drama. Antonin Artaud is one of the two or three most influential innovators of the twentieth centruy, whose theoried, production ideas along with his writings and plays have broght a new poetic impulse and dynamic intensity to the stage, replacing the naturalistic theatre that preceded his own. In this volume of COLLECTED WORK, we see Artaud's early formulations of his theories on theatre in general, and the genesis of the theatre of cruelty. In particular, the volume contains the famous manifestos of the revolutionary Alfred Jarry Theatre, productions plans, notes and critical articles. Also included is a series of articles on literature and the plastic arts, written during the same period. The variety and humour of such a wide range of work certainly constitutes a fertile source for those seeking a new approach to theatre and its allied arts. Translated and with an introduction by Victor Corti.

Re-launch of the Collected Works of the legendary revolutionary in paperback Among the most influential political and social forces of the twentieth century, modern communism rests firmly on philosophical, political, and economic underpinnings developed by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin. For anyone who seeks to understand the twentieth century, capitalism, the Russian Revolution, and the role of Communism in the tumultuous political and social movements that have shaped the modern world, the works of Lenin offer unparalleled insight and understanding. Taken together, they represent a balanced cross-section of his revolutionary theories of history, politics, and economics; his tactics for securing and retaining power; and his vision of a new social and economic order. This first volume contains four works (“New Economic Developments in Peasant Life,” “On the So-Called Market Question,” “What the ‘Friends of the People’ Are and How They Fight the Social-Democrats,” “The Economic Content of Narodism and the Criticism of It in Mr. Struve’s Book”) written by Lenin in 1893–1894, at the outset of his revolutionary activity, during the first years of the struggle to establish a workers’ revolutionary party in Russia.

Vol. 2 translated and with an introduction by Jane E. Knox and Carol B. Stevens.