This book presents Lars Johanson’s Code-Copying Model, an integrated framework for the description of contact-induced processes. The model covers all the main contact linguistic issues in their synchronic and diachronic interrelationship. The terminology is kept intuitive and simple to apply. Illustrative examples from a wide range of languages demonstrate the model’s applicability to both spoken and written codes. The fundamental difference between ‘take-over’ copying and ‘carry-over’ copying is given special value. Speakers can take over copies from a secondary code into their own primary code, or alternatively carry over copies from their own primary code into their variety of a secondary code. The results of these two types of copying are significantly different and thus provide insights into historical processes.

"In thirty-three chapters, The Oxford Handbook of Language Contact examines the various forms of contact-induced linguistic change and the levels of language which have provided instances of these influences. In addition, it provides accounts of how language contact has affected some twenty languages, spoken and signed, from all parts of the world."-- Jaquette.

In this book, leading scholars analyze the important role played by copyright exceptions in economic and cultural productivity.

If you're a Java programmer, you'll be armed with all the critical information you need to get up to speed on this powerful new build tool. In the end, you'll find yourself spending less time working on your project's build system and more time working on your project's code.

Summary Get Programming with Node.js teaches you to build web servers using JavaScript and Node. In this engaging tutorial, you'll work through eight complete projects, from writing the code for your first web server to adding live chat to a web app. Your hands will stay on the keyboard as you explore the most important aspects of the Node development process, including security, database management, authenticating user accounts, and deploying to production. You'll especially appreciate the easy-to-follow discussions, illuminating diagrams, and carefully explained code! Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology Node.js delivers the speed and reliability you need for ecommerce, social media, and gaming applications. It comes with thousands of prebuilt packages to help you get started immediately. If you want to use JavaScript on the server, Node.js is your choice. What's inside New features from ES2015 and later Writing asynchronous code Creating data models Debugging JavaScript modules About the Reader Written for front-end web developers with intermediate JavaScript skills. Table of Contents GETTING SET UP Lesson 0 - Setting up Node.js and the JavaScript engine Lesson 1 - Configuring your environment Lesson 2 - Running a Node.js application UNIT 1 - GETTING STARTED WITH NODE.JS Lesson 3 - Creating a Node.js module Lesson 4 - Building a simple web server in Node.js Lesson 5 - Handling incoming data Lesson 6 - Writing better routes and serving external files Lesson 7 - Capstone: Creating your first web application UNIT 2 - EASIER WEB DEVELOPMENT WITH EXPRESS.JS Lesson 8 - Setting up an app with Express.js Lesson 9 - Routing in Express.js Lesson 10 - Connecting views with templates Lesson 11 - Configurations and error handling Lesson 12 - Capstone: Enhancing the Confetti Cuisine site with Express.js UNIT 3 - CONNECTING TO A DATABASE Lesson 13 - Setting up a MongoDB database Lssson 14 - Building models with Mongoose Lesson 15 - Connecting controllers and models Using promises with Mongoose Lesson 16 - Capstone: Saving user subscriptions UNIT 4 - BUILDING A USER MODEL Lesson 17 - Improving your data models Lesson 18 - Building the user model Lesson 19 - Creating and reading your models Lesson 20 - Updating and deleting your models Lesson 21 - Capstone: Adding CRUD models to Confetti Cuisine Creating controllers UNIT 5 - AUTHENTICATING USER ACCOUNTS Lesson 22 - Adding sessions and flash messages Lesson 23 - Building a user login and hashing passwords Lesson 24 - Adding user authentication Lesson 25 - Capstone: Adding user authentication to Confetti Cuisine UNIT 6 - BUILDING AN API Lesson 26 - Adding an API to your application Lesson 27 - Accessing your API from your application Lesson 28 - Adding API security Lesson 29 - Capstone: Implementing an API UNIT 7 - ADDING CHAT FUNCTIONALITY Lesson 30 - Working with Socket.io Lesson 31 - Saving chat messages Lesson 32 - Adding a chat notification indicator UNIT 8 - DEPLOYING AND MANAGING CODE IN PRODUCTION Lesson 33 - Capstone: Adding a chat feature to Confetti Cuisine Lesson 34 - Deploying your application Lesson 35 - Managing in production Lesson 36 - Testing your application Lesson 37 - Capstone: Deploying Confetti Cuisine

This volume focuses on the interface of different motivating factors that contribute to language change. It combines linguistic case studies with current theoretical debate and contains hitherto unpublished data from English, French, Karaim, Modern Greek, Jordanian, Spanish, Latin and Arabic.