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This second edition retains the general structure of the first edition, buthas been updated in the light of recent oceanographic research, and improvedas a teaching text on the basis of feedback from past students and otherreaders.Notable additions include new sections addressing the topic ofnumerical modelling, and more discussion of natural oscillations in theocean-atmosphere system (previously confined to the El Niño phenomenon). Inparticular, the Chapter on the North Atlantic now includes a discussion ofthe North Atlantic Oscillation, as well as of the Great Salinity Anomaly. Inthe final Chapter, treatment of water mass formation has been updated toreflect recent ideas about the processes involved and how they relate toclimatic change over different time-scales, from decades to millennia.High quality full colour diagramsSubstantial chapter summaries ideal for revisionAnswers, hints and notes for questions at back of the book

The first two chapters outline the causes of circulation patterns in the atmosphere and oceans, emphasizing the interactions between them. Chapter 3 deals with the surface circulation (including mesoscale eddies), using a minimum of mathematics. Chapter 4 reviews the history of ideas about ocean circulation (with special reference to the North Atlantic gyre), and Chapter 5 describes the major current systems at high and low latitudes. The final Chapter returns to the theme of ocean-atmosphere interaction, especially the global transport of heat and freshwater, and the formation of sub-surface water masses.Fully illustrated in four coloursFully illustrated in four colours

We are only now beginning to understand the climatic impact of the remarkable events that are now occurring in subarctic waters. Researchers, however, have yet to agree upon a predictive model that links change in our northern seas to climate. This volume brings together the body of evidence needed to develop climate models that quantify the ocean exchanges through subarctic seas, measure their variability, and gauge their impact on climate.