This is an important report compilation of testimony at a 2018 hearing which compared and contrasted U.S. and Chinese pursuit of next generation connected devices and networks and the implications for U.S. economic competitiveness and national security. The hearing focused on U.S. and Chinese 5th generation wireless technology (5G) and Internet of Things standards and technology development, U.S. usage of Chinese Internet of Things technologies and 5G networks, and the ability of Chinese firms to collect and utilize data from U.S. consumers through Internet of Things technologies.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.Panel I: Economic Implications of U.S. and Chinese 5G and IoT Standards and Technology Development * 1. Chuck Benson, Assistant Director for IT in Facilities Services, University of Washington * 2. Doug Brake, Director of Telecommunications Policy, ITIF * Panel II: U.S. and Chinese Policies to Address 5G, IoT, and Data Privacy and Security Challenges * 3. Jennifer Bisceglie, President and CEO, Interos Solutions * 4. Anthony Ferrante, Senior Managing Director, FTI Consulting * 5. James Mulvenon, Ph.D., Special Programs Division, SOS International LLC * 6. Dr. Heath Tarbert, Assistant Secretary for International Markets and Investment Policy, U.S. Department of Treasury.The hearing examined China's pursuit of next generation connected devices, or the Internet of Things, future networks, and the implications for U.S. competitiveness, national security, and data privacy. We are on the verge of an interconnected world with near real-time, high capacity networks that will affect industry, economies, society, the military and warfare. The Internet of Things means the connection of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data as well as responding to commands. The capacity to link devices, control them and have them communicate with each other applies to industrial control systems and connected military weapon systems. However, there is some danger involved because the technology of these inter-connected things can be hacked, monitored, manipulated, or otherwise exploited by malicious actors. At the same time, on the Internet, the United States and China are competing to lead the transition to a 5th generation wireless technology, or a "network of networks," that will deliver higher capacity bandwidth more quickly than ever before to increase the capacity to use or manage this Internet of Things.The Chinese government has dedicated enormous resources to attaining leadership in these technologies and to penetrating the U.S. market. This hearing explored the security risks of the increasing integration of Chinese-made or designed devices and 5th Generation cellular network equipment into the United States. The hearing also will explore how the integration of Chinese technology into U.S. systems could provide means to conduct espionage or sabotage. The panelists also explored what role the United States government should play in securing its own networks and to protect the Internet of Things, how to maintain U.S. global competitiveness, and ways to protect U.S. data privacy and security.

This paper analyzes the economic competitiveness and national security dynamics around the United States, China, and 5G wireless technologies. The paper explores economic competitiveness through 5G technology itself, intellectual property rights, influence within standards setting organizations, spectrum policy, deployment timelines, and surrounding innovation ecosystem. It also proposes institutional arrangements for evaluating security risks of Chinese telecommunications equipment entering the U.S. market. Next generation connectivity, 5th Generation (5G) in particular, represent a tremendous economic opportunity. Deploying 5G at scale, and seeing it leveraged for productivity gains throughout the economy, should be a national imperative. There are several technological components to 5G, but the key architectural shift requires far more cell sites, meaning an expensive infrastructure deployment and justifying a rethinking of local permitting policies and federal regulations. The Chinese are extending their influence in standards organizations and international bodies like the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). They are also engaged in intensive research and development, and already making key contributions to essential 5G patents. While they may not be the first to use 5G, many expect they will aggressively deploy a final 5G specification at tremendous scale. When it comes to national competitiveness, successful and early deployment and use of 5G technology is critical. The U.S. government should focus first on improving the investment conditions for deploying 5G through reforms to siting and permitting policies and make more spectrum available on a flexible licensed, unlicensed, and shared basis. The United States should continue to rely on its competitive private sector to deploy 5G networks and not consider a government-built network. Furthermore, any policy focused on specific Chinese firms must be considered as a component of a broader, nuanced strategy to return to a rule-of-law, market-driven expectation on trade and protection of intellectual property. Presumptive blocking of equipment from specific firms without explanation and evidence is likely not the best route to navigate a contentious trade environment. Instead, the United States should establish a body to analyze potential security threats in coordination with like-minded allies.

Three important federal government papers are reproduced in this unique compilation: (a) The 5G Ecosystem: Risks & Opportunities for DoD; (b) National Security Implications of Fifth Generation (5G) Mobile Technologies; (c) Network Reliability and Security Risks to Emerging 5G Wireless Networks.(a) The term "5G" refers to the oncoming fifth generation of wireless networks and technology that will produce a step-change improvement in data speed, volume, and latency (delay in data transfer) over fourth generation (4G and 4G LTE) networks. 5G will enable a host of new technologies that will change the standard of public and private sector operations, from autonomous vehicles to smart cities, virtual reality, and battle networks. Historical shifts between wireless generations suggest that the first-mover country stands to gain billions in revenue accompanied by substantial job creation and leadership in technology innovation. First movers also set standards and practices that were then adopted by subsequent entrants. Conversely, countries that fell behind in previous wireless generation shifts were obligated to adopt the standards, technologies, and architectures of the leading country and missed out on a generation of wireless capabilities and market potential. The shift from 4G to 5G will drastically impact the future of global communication networks and fundamentally change the environment in which DoD operates. While DoD will feel the impact of 5G, the rollout itself will be driven by the U.S. commercial sector. This study provides insight into the commercial landscape as well as the DoD landscape to give a comprehensive view of the stakeholders and future of 5G.(b) The fifth generation (5G) of mobile technologies will increase the speed of data transfer and improve bandwidth over existing fourth generation (4G) technologies, in turn enabling new military and commercial applications. 5G technologies are expected to support interconnected or autonomous devices, such as smart homes, self-driving vehicles, precision agriculture systems, industrial machinery, and advanced robotics. According to a Defense Innovation Board (DIB) report, in the military realm, 5G will additionally improve intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance systems and processing; enable new methods of command and control; and streamline logistics systems for increased efficiency. As 5G technologies are developed and deployed, Congress may consider policies for spectrum management and national security, as well as implications for U.S. military operations. 5G requires deployment of technologies that work in various segments of the electromagnetic spectrum ("the spectrum"): sub-6, which operates below 6 GHz, and millimeter wave (MMW), which operates between around 24 and 300 GHz.(c) The telecommunications industry is preparing for the evolution of wireless networks to the next generation of technology, known as 5G. This 5th generation of wireless networks represents perhaps the largest change we have seen in wireless networks since cellular was introduced. The migration away from traditional, engineered systems designed to support specific network functions in a point-to-point network architecture is moving to adopt an IT architecture. As telecom networks are move into the data center, the future architecture uses IT technologies that have supported the Internet for many years.

5G mobile networks use new concepts and technologies to provide current and future applications from high bit-rate smartphones to highly available Car-to-X and IoT applications. But not only technology is an issue. Also, the environmental impact is under discussion. These topics are presented here in a well-founded introduction, with the focus on innovative concepts and technologies, including standardization.

A comprehensive text to an understanding the next generation mobile broadband and wireless Internet of Things (IoT) technologies 5G Verticals brings together in one comprehensive volume a group of visionaries and technical experts from academia and industry. The expert authors discuss the applications and technologies that comprise 5G verticals. The earlier network generations (2G to 4G) were designed as on-size-fits-all, general-purpose connectivity platforms with limited differentiation capabilities. 5G networks have the capability to demand customizable mobile networks and create an ecosystem for technical and business innovation involving vertical markets such as automotive, healthcare, manufacturing, energy, food and agriculture, city management, government, public transportation, media and more. 5G will serve a large portfolio of applications with various requirements ranging from high reliability to ultra-low latency going through high bandwidth and mobility. In this book, the authors explore applications and usages of various 5G verticals including a set of key metrics for these uses and their corresponding target requirements. The book also examines the potential network architectures and enabling technologies to meet the requirements of 5G verticals. This important book: Offers a comprehensive resource to the promise of 5G Verticals Provides a set of key metrics for the uses and target requirements Contains illustrative examples of the technology and applications Includes contributions from experts in the field and professionals that developed the 5G standards Provides an analysis of specific vertical industries which have the potential to be among the first industries to use 5G Written for industry practitioners, engineers and researchers, 5G Verticals discusses the technology that enables the 5G system to be flexibly deployed and scaled.

Since the 1980s, mobile communication has undergone major transitions from 1G to 4G, at a rate of roughly one generation per decade. And the next upgrade is set to come soon, with 5G heralding a new era of large-bandwidth Internet, and a multi-connection, low-latency Internet of Everything. 5G technology will be the standard for next-generation mobile Internet, and it will not only enhance the individual user’s experience, but also provide technical support for artificial-intelligence-based applications, such as smart manufacturing, smart healthcare, smart government, smart cities and driverless cars. As a result, 5G is regarded as the “infrastructure” of the industrial Internet and artificial intelligence and both China and the United States are striving to become the 5G leader and spearhead this new generation of international mobile communication standards. Though trade tensions between China and the United States continue to escalate, with products ranging from soybeans to mobile phones and automobiles being affected, 5G technology may be the true cause of trade wars between the world’s top two economies. In short, 5G will change not only society, but also international trade patterns. This book describes various 5G scenarios, changes and values; explains the standards, technologies and development directions behind 5G; and explores new models, new formats and new trends in 5G-based artificial intelligence.

Fundamentals of 5G Mobile Networks provides an overview of the key features of the 5th Generation (5G) mobile networks, discussing the motivation for 5G and the main challenges in developing this new technology. This book provides an insight into the key areas of research that will define this new system technology paving the path towards future research and development. The book is multi-disciplinary in nature, and aims to cover a whole host of intertwined subjects that will predominantly influence the 5G landscape, including the future Internet, cloud computing, small cells and self-organizing networks (SONs), cooperative communications, dynamic spectrum management and cognitive radio, Broadcast-Broadband convergence , 5G security challenge, and green RF. This book aims to be the first of its kind towards painting a holistic perspective on 5G Mobile, allowing 5G stakeholders to capture key technology trends on different layering domains and to identify potential inter-disciplinary design aspects that need to be solved in order to deliver a 5G Mobile system that operates seamlessly.