In the 1950s Centralia was a small town, like many others in the anthracite region of Pennsylvania. But since the 1960s, it has been consumed, outwardly and inwardly by a fire that has inexorably spread in the abandoned mines beneath it. The earth smokes, subsides, and breathes poisonous gases. No less destructive has been the spread of dissension and enmity among the townspeople. The Real Disaster Above Ground tells the story of the fire and the tragic failure of all efforts to counter it. This study of the Centralia fire represents the most thorough canvass of the documentary materials and the community that has appeared. The authors report on the futile efforts of residents to reach a common understanding of an underground threat that was not readily visible and invited multiple interpretations. They trace the hazard management strategies of government agencies that, ironically, all too often created additional threats to the welfare of Centralians. They report on the birth and demise of community organizations, each with its own solution to the problem and its diehard partisans. The final solution, now being put into effect, is to abandon the town and relocate its people. Centralia's environmental disaster, the authors argue, is not a local or isolated phenomenon. It warns of the danger lurking in our own technology when safeguards fail and disaster management policy is not in place to respond to failure, as the examples of Chernobyl and Bhopal have clearly demonstrated. The lessons in this study of the fate of a small town in Pennsylvania are indeed sobering. They should be pondered by a variety of social scientists and planners, by all those dealing with the behavior of people under stress and those responsible for the welfare of the public.

Digital First Edition of Life of Mahatma Gandhi through Philately - Gandhi Stamp Catalogue This Digital First Edition of Gandhi Stamp Catalogue was created with intensive effort over many years and is meant to serve both as a world-wide stamp catalogue and as a memoir to learn more about the life of Mahatma Gandhi, the Visionary from Porbandar so we can apply his teachings in our daily lives. The brief summary of contents are as follows: -> Beautifully illustrated with images of all 1168 stamps on Mahatma Gandhi from all over the world -> Covers all 146 issuers belonging to 139 territories representing present day 133 countries -> It gives both country-wise and year-wise summary of Gandhi stamp listings -> Classification of genuine and illegal stamps -> Contains images of stamps, souvenir sheets, FDCs, postcards etc. -> Meant for use as a comprehensive collector’s guide for Gandhi stamps -> Links to websites of postal authorities / agents, where you can buy genuine stamps at face value -> All key events in the Life of Mahatma Gandhi summarized along with a brief memoir on Visionary from Porbandar How to use Catabooks Gandhi Stamp Catalogue? The Catalogue lists stamps by country of issue with a brief country profile along with a brief history of stamps and a note on postal authority. The next level of structure is by date (month or year if date is not available) of issue. The following information is made available for each stamp: 1. CGC Number - This Catabooks Gandhi stamp Catalogue (CGC) has a unique CGC number to easily identify legal stamps issued on Mahatma Gandhi using 2 letters country code as per ISO 3166-2, 3 digits stand-alone year-wise serial number for Gandhi stamps and the four digits for the year after ‘G,' a character to denote Mahatma Gandhi. 2. Image of the stamp / miniature sheet and first day cover, folder, etc. to the extent possible 3. Basic information about the stamp 4. Denomination in local currency 5. Quantity of stamps issued, if available 6. Date of Issue (wherever date is not available, the month or year is given) 7. Nature of Issue like definitive (regular issuance for postal use) or commemorative (special issuance mostly for collectors), or if meant only for air post, if available 8. Shape of Issue with dimensions, if available 9. Serrations: Perforations made to the sheet, which are printed to have a specific number of stamps, to ease their splitting also referred to as perforated (meaning stamp with cutting rows and columns of small holes). It is called imperforate where this is no separation, especially the earlier stamps. 10. WNS No.

It Is The Pictorial History Of Stamps That Have Been Released In Pre-Independence India.The Stamps Hold History And Beauty-On The Themes Which Include Archaeology, Artists And Poets,Flowers,The Asian Games,And Lots More.

The politics of black education has long been a key issue in southern African studies, but despite rich debates on the racial and class dimensions of schooling, historians have neglected their distinctive gendered dynamics. A World of Their Own is the first book to explore the meanings of black women’s education in the making of modern South Africa. Its lens is a social history of the first high school for black South African women, Inanda Seminary, from its 1869 founding outside of Durban through the recent past. Employing diverse archival and oral historical sources, Meghan Healy-Clancy reveals how educated black South African women developed a tradition of social leadership, by both working within and pushing at the boundaries of state power. She demonstrates that although colonial and apartheid governance marginalized women politically, it also valorized the social contributions of small cohorts of educated black women. This made space for growing numbers of black women to pursue careers as teachers and health workers over the course of the twentieth century. After the student uprisings of 1976, as young black men increasingly rejected formal education for exile and street politics, young black women increasingly stayed in school and cultivated an alternative form of student politics. Inanda Seminary students’ experiences vividly show how their academic achievements challenged the narrow conceptions of black women’s social roles harbored by both officials and black male activists. By the transition to democracy in the early 1990s, black women outnumbered black men at every level of education—introducing both new opportunities for women and gendered conflicts that remain acute today.

Drawing on a wealth of primary and secondary sources, this book explores how far imperial culture penetrated antipodean city institutions. It argues that far from imperial saturation, the city 'Down Under' was remarkably untouched by the Empire.

Few figures in the twentieth century have been as inspirational as Mohandas Mahatma Gandhi. Interest in this extraordinary man has produced a massive amount of printed material, making Ananda M. Pandiri's comprehensive bibliography an invaluable reference tool for scholars and students. Pandiri has meticulously searched printed and electronic indexes, publisher's catalogs, and university libraries throughout India, Britain, and the U.S. to compile a complete bibliography of sources in the English language. This volume is organized and cross-referenced for easy use and access to a voluminous amount of information. Features include: -More than 4700 entries comprising books, pamphlets, seminars, government records, and other significant printed material -Complete bibliographic data of sources -Annotations detailing the content and scholarship of sources -Two exhaustive indexes-Title and Subject

Money, particularly coins, has been one of the most significant inventions in human society. It is a marvel developed through centuries of experimentation and innovation. Since its introduction, money has continually evolved, serving as both, a medium of exchange in daily life and a store of wealth for the future. Among the earliest forms of money were coins, valued for their intrinsic material content, such as gold, silver, iron, and copper. Coins have played a vital role in human civilization, and over time, Indian coins have undergone numerous design transformations. Many people are often surprised when they come across older coins, which reflect the rich history and cultural heritage of India. Motivated by this fascination, I decided to collect various Indian coins, arrange them chronologically, and present them in this book. It will be helpful for this generation and the coming generations to know the journey of Indian Coins from 1947-2024. It is the need of the hour, as our monetary system is on the way to digitalisation. It is possible that in few years, coins can only be seen in museums as relics of the past. This book serves as a guiding light, illuminating the glorious journey of Indian coins for all to see and appreciate.