Viscous computational fluid dynamic simulations were used to predict the aerodynamic coefficients and flow field around a canard-controlled missile in subsonic and transonic flow. Computations were performed at Mach 0.6 and 0.9, six angles of attack between 0 deg and 10 deg, and with planar and grid tail fins. The computations were validated with wind tunnel data. Flow visualizations showed that the canard downwash produced a low-pressure region on the starboard side of the missile that produced a large induced side force. The canard trailing vortices interacted with the tail fins until alpha> 8 deg, producing a pressure differential on the leeward tail fin, leading to the adverse induced roll effects. Visualizations of the flow through the grid fin structure showed choking of the flow at Mach 0.9 and Mach 1.5. The validated simulations results showed that grid fins did not improve the canard roll-control effectiveness at subsonic and transonic speeds as well as they did at the low supersonic speed.

DISCOVER THE EXCITEMENT OF CANARDS! "Now, Andy Lennon has provided us with an excellent history of the canard and tandem-wing airplanes. We have, for the first time in a single source, descriptions and photos of the tail-first aircraft from the Wright Flyer to the Starship I. The text also details the specific flying qualities exhibited by many of the aircraft. To the aviation enthusiast and pilot, the book will provide interesting and sometimes fascinating accounts of how the various shapes handled in the air.... The designer will find the book useful in highlighting many of the problems inherent in tandem-wing design." -From the Foreword by Burt Rutan.IN THIS COMMEMORATIVE EDITION you'll learn how and why canards were developed, and how they evolved into some of the most beautiful aircraft in history. SOME OF THE ABSORBING TOPICS FEATURED INCLUDE: -The historical significance and design evolution of the canard concept. - Why properly designed canards won't stall or spin. - Basic canard aerodynamics, performance characteristics, and handling qualities. - Over 200 drawings, inboard profiles, cutaways, and photos. -A review of proposed homebuilt and general aviation designs. - The amazing maneuverability of canard jet fighters. SOME OF THE AIRCRAFT DESCRIBED INCLUDE... The Wright brothers' designs and how the canard saved them from serious accidents - The outstanding designs of Burt Rutan, originator of modern canards - The Quickie Series - The Dragonfly - The COZY - Ultralight Canards - Secret German Experimentals - The Russian Utka - Details are also presented for General Aviation canards, including: The Beech Starship I - The Avtek-400 - OMAC-1 - The Gates-Piaggio GP-180, and many other exciting canards from around the world. CANARD--A REVOLUTION IN FLIGHT gives you "the-story-behind-the-story" of this intriguing aspect of flight. Whether you're thinking of building your own airplane, or simply want to become more knowledgeable of the qualities of these unique aircraft, this book could prove to be quite helpful to you. Or if you simply want to learn about the engrossing historical technological development of canards, and the role they have played in aviation, this book is for you.

An experimental investigation was made in the Mach number range from 1.60 to 2.86 to determine the static longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics of close-coupled wing-canard configurations. Three canards, ranging in exposed planform area from 17.5 to 30.0 percent of the wing reference area, were employed in this investigation. The canards were either located in the plane of the wing or in a position 18.5 percent of the wing mean geometric chord above the wing plane. Most data obtained were for a model with a 60 deg leading-edge-sweep wing; however, a small amount of data were obtained for a 44 deg leading-edge-sweep wing. The model utilized two balances to isolate interference effects between wing and canard. In general, it was determined that at angle of attack for all configurations investigated with the canard in the plane of the wing an unfavorable interference exists which causes the additional lift on the canard generated by a canard deflection to be lost on the wing due to an increased downwash at the wing from the canard. Further, this interference decreased somewhat with increasing Mach number. Raising the canard above the plane of the wing also greatly decreased the interference of the canard deflection on the wing lift. However, at Mach 2.86 the presence of the canard in the high position had a greater unfavorable interference effect at high angles of attack than the canard in the wing plane. This interference resulted in the in-plane canard having better trimmed performance at Mach 2.86 for the same center-of-gravity location.

The Dictionary of Louisiana French (DLF) provides the richest inventory of French vocabulary in Louisiana and reflects precisely the speech of the period from 1930 to the present. This dictionary describes the current usage of French-speaking peoples in the five broad regions of South Louisiana: the coastal marshes, the banks of the Mississippi River, the central area, the north, and the western prairie. Data were collected during interviews from at least five persons in each of twenty-four areas in these regions. In addition to the data collected from fieldwork, the dictionary contains material compiled from existing lexical inventories, from texts published after 1930, and from archival recordings. The new authoritative resource, the DLF not only contains the largest number of words and expressions but also provides the most complete information available for each entry. Entries include the word in the conventional French spelling, the pronunciation (including attested variants), the part of speech classification, the English equivalent, and the word's use in common phrases. The DLF features a wealth of illustrative examples derived from fieldwork and textual sources and identification of the parish where the entry was collected or the source from which it was compiled. An English-to-Louisiana French index enables readers to find out how particular notions would be expressed in la Louisiane.