The thirty-two century-old hotels featured in this book have defied the passage of time for a variety of reasons, many explicable, some beyond explanation, all miraculous. For eighteen of them, it was the fortuitous creation of the New York City Landmark Preservation Commission in 1965. The landmarks law was enacted in response to the demolition of the iconic Pennsylvania Station in 1963. After 139 years, the following evaluation is still true: "New York is the paradise of hotels. In no other city do they flourish in such numbers, and nowhere else do they attain such a degree of excellence. The hotels of New York naturally take the lead of all others in America, and are regarded by all who have visited them as models of their kind." James D. McCabe, Jr. Lights and Shadows of New York, 1872

"Built to Last: 100+ Year-Old Hotels East of the Mississippi" is a sequel to my 2011 book, "Built To Last: 100+ Year-Old Hotels in New York." It has 86 chapters, one for each century-old hotel (of 50 rooms or more) east of the Mississippi River and each is illustrated by an antique postcard. The Foreword was written by Joseph McInerney, CHA, President of the American Hotel & Lodging Association. The book has been accepted for promotion, distribution and sale by the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute. My research into the histories of these hotels turned up fascinating stories about single-minded developers, brilliant and accidental architects, dedicated owners, famous and infamous guests and even the story of an underground bunker-shelter the size of two football fields built under a hotel to house the U.S. Government in the event of a nuclear war.

This volume completes my three books about hundred-year-old hotels in the United States: Built to Last: 100+ Year-Old Hotels in New York (2009): 32 Hotels Built to Last: 100+ Year-Old Hotels East of the Mississippi (2011): 86 Hotels Built to Last: 100+ Year-Old Hotels West of the Mississippi (2017): 60 Hotels This trilogy describes 178 hotels in the United States that are each more than a hundred years old and fifty rooms or larger. The fascinating stories about their creation and the people who nurtured them represent great American business history. They should be a required reading for every hotel owner, general manager, hotel employee, and student of hotel management. Every hotel in the country should have copies on hand to distribute to hotel guests.

Built to Last: 100+ Year-Old Hotels East of the Mississippi is a sequel to my 2011 book, Built To Last: 100+ Year-Old Hotels in New York. It has 86 chapters, one for each century-old hotel (of 50 rooms or more) east of the Mississippi River and each is illustrated by an antique postcard. The Foreword was written by Joseph McInerney, CHA, President of the American Hotel & Lodging Association. The book has been accepted for promotion, distribution and sale by the American Hotel & Lodging Educational Institute. My research into the histories of these hotels turned up fascinating stories about single-minded developers, brilliant and accidental architects, dedicated owners, famous and infamous guests and even the story of an underground bunker-shelter the size of two football fields built under a hotel to house the U.S. Government in the event of a nuclear war.

The fourteen architects featured in this book designed 304 hotels and apartment hotels. Many were designed on the European plan for families to live without full service kitchens. Meals were prepared and served in restaurant-type dining rooms catering exclusively to residents and their families. The apartment hotels employed full-time service staffs who prepared and served daily room service meals. The first apartment hotels were built between 1880 and 1895. They were followed by a second wave of construction after the passage of the 1899 building code and the 1901 Tenement House Law. The third wave of apartment hotel construction occurred during the 1920s and ended with the Great Depression of the thirties. The passage of the Multiple Dwelling Act of 1929 altered height and bulk restrictions and permitted high-rise apartment buildings for the first time.

The twelve architects featured in this book designed ninety-four hotels from 1878 to 1948. Many of them worked as apprentices in architect’s offices. Some were lucky enough to study in an architectural college, and some were wealthy enough to attend the École des Beaux-Arts (School of Fine Arts) in Paris. This school has a history of more than 350 years in training many of the great artists of Europe. Beaux-Arts’s style was modeled on classical antiquities. The origins of the school were drawn from 1648—when the Académe des Beaux-Arts was founded to educate the most talented students in drawing, painting, sculpting, engraving, and architecture. Women were admitted beginning in 1897.

My long-time preoccupation with hotel history reveals one continuous strand: the achievements of unique entrepreneurs who created singular hotels one at a time. These pioneers were not by subsequent definition, “hotel men”. They did not attend hotel schools because there were none until 1924 with the creation of the Cornell School of Hotel Administration. Most of them did not grew up in the hotel business but became successful because of their varied on-the-job training experiences, business acumen and unexpected opportunities. Their tradition-breaking vision and single-minded ambition led them to create iconic hotels. My research has uncovered three such hotel mavens two of whom 1) were both essentially in the railroad and steamship business 2) were friendly competitors 3) concentrated their hotel creations in the State of Florida: Henry Morrison Flagler, on the east coast and Henry Bradley Plant on the west coast. The third maven was Carl Graham Fisher who created Miami Beach and Montauk, Long Island, N.Y.