This work is the definitive international textbook for community interpreting, with a special focus on medical interpreting. Intended for use in universities, colleges and basic training programs, the book offers a comprehensive introduction to the profession. The core audience is interpreters and their trainers and educators. While the emphasis is on medical, educational and social services interpreting, legal and faith-based interpreting are also addressed.

Despite using them every day, most software engineers know little about how programming languages are designed and implemented. For many, their only experience with that corner of computer science was a terrifying "compilers" class that they suffered through in undergrad and tried to blot from their memory as soon as they had scribbled their last NFA to DFA conversion on the final exam. That fearsome reputation belies a field that is rich with useful techniques and not so difficult as some of its practitioners might have you believe. A better understanding of how programming languages are built will make you a stronger software engineer and teach you concepts and data structures you'll use the rest of your coding days. You might even have fun. This book teaches you everything you need to know to implement a full-featured, efficient scripting language. You'll learn both high-level concepts around parsing and semantics and gritty details like bytecode representation and garbage collection. Your brain will light up with new ideas, and your hands will get dirty and calloused. Starting from main(), you will build a language that features rich syntax, dynamic typing, garbage collection, lexical scope, first-class functions, closures, classes, and inheritance. All packed into a few thousand lines of clean, fast code that you thoroughly understand because you wrote each one yourself.

At conferences and in the literature on community interpreting there is one burning issue that reappears constantly: the interpreter’s role. What are the norms by which the facilitators of communication shape their role? Is there indeed only one role for the community interpreter or are there several? Is community interpreting aimed at facilitating communication, empowering individuals by giving them a voice or, in wider terms, at redressing the power balance in society? In this volume scholars and practitioners from different countries address these questions, offering a representative sample of ongoing research into community interpreting in the Western world, of interest to all who have a stake in this form of interpreting. The opening chapter establishes the wider contextual and theoretical framework for the debate. It is followed by a section dealing with codes and standards and then moves on to explore the interpreter’s role in various different settings: courts and police, healthcare, schools, occupational settings and social services.

If you've ever wondered how to build your own programming language or wanted to learn C but weren't sure where to start, this is the book for you. In under 1000 lines of code you'll start building your very own programming language, and in doing so learn how to program in C, one of the world's most important programming languages. Along the way we'll learn about the weird and wonderful nature of Lisps, the unique techniques behind function programming, the methods used to concisely solve problems, and the art of writing beautiful code. Build Your Own Lisp is a fun and creative journey through a fascinating area of computer science, and an essential read for any programmer, new or old!

This volume contains selected papers from the 4th Language International Conference on 'Teaching Translation and Interpreting: Building Bridges' which was held in Shanghai in December 1998. The collection is an excellent source of ideas and information for teachers and students alike. With contributions from five continents, the topics discussed cover a wide range, including the relevance of translation theories, cultural and technical knowledge acquisition, literary translation, translation and interpreting for the media, Internet-related training methods, and tools for student assessment. While complementing the volumes of the previous three conferences in exploring new methods and frontiers, this collection is particularly strong on case studies outside of the European and Anglo-American spheres.

Beginning with a discussion of the concept of role in general and then to an overview of the research into human communication dynamics, this book explores the impact of introducing an interpreter into a complex and sometimes sensitive interactive setting. Traditionally interpreters have been taught that they should not influence the communication process and, to minimize their impact, they should maintain an impersonal, professional distance. They should not interact with the interlocutors other than to interpret the meaning of their utterances; these behaviours are reinforced by the Codes of Practice adopted by many of the national interpreting organizations. These traditional behaviours often hinder rather than facilitate communication between interlocutors who don't share a common language. The book looks at three dimensions of interactions: the axes of presentation of 'self', participant alignment and interaction management. It demonstrates, with real-world examples, how different interpreting scenarios require the interpreter to play very different roles. It is the variations along these different axes that create 'role-space', a term used to denote the parameters that inform the interpreter's behaviour.

'Redefining the Role of the Community Interpreter' questions the traditional notion of 'role' that is so often taught on interpreter education and training courses and, more often than not, prescribed by the Codes of Ethics/Practice/Conduct published by institutional users and providers of interpreting services. By examining the nature of face-to-face interactions and drawing on the most recent research into community and public service interpreting, the authors propose and describe a wholly new approach to the role of the interpreter; one based on research and the experiences of the authors, both of whom have, for many years, taught postgraduate interpreting courses and, for even more years, interpreted in a wide variety of settings, from international conferences to social services departments, from presidential addresses to benefits offices, and from doctors' surgeries to Courts of Appeal. The 'role-space' model treats all interactions as unique and offers the interpreter a tool to prepare for and participate in those interactions. Excellent language skills are taken for granted, as is the integrity of the interpreter; what is new is the freedom of the interpreter to make appropriate professional decisions based on the reality of the interaction they are interpreting.