This guide to the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement is based on the authors' experiences of teaching its finer points to customs officials and policy-makers around the world. Covering the methods of valuation and the provisions on enforcement, implementation and dispute settlement, the authors give practical examples, explain interpretative decisions of national and international customs bodies, and analyse the history of its negotiation. Written as a learning tool, it helps both new and experienced policy-makers, customs officials, importers and exporters to gain a deeper understanding of the Agreement's function and aims.

Guide to Customs Valuation is a complete and comprehensive commentary on laws relating to valuation under Customs laws. It is a brief, concise and handy reference book, which provides the updated and simplified analysis of provisions to determine valuation under the Customs laws. This book will be helpful for Customs Consultants, Advocates, Corporate Managers & Departmental Officers. This book is divided into two parts: · Valuation of Imported Goods · Valuation of Export Goods The Present Publication is the Latest Edition, authored by H.K. Maingi, amended up to July 2021, with the following noteworthy features: · [Conceptual Understanding of Valuation] Conceptual understanding of provisions of Valuation under Section 14 of Customs Act and Customs Valuation (Determination of Value of Export Goods) Rules, 2007 · [Valuation] Valuation of Imported Goods & Exported Goods, Valuation in case of High Sea Sales & related persons, Valuation of capital goods on debonding, etc. · [Various Additions in Transaction Value] Various additions in Transaction Value such as Brokerage, Service Charge, Transportation, etc. · [Other Concepts] Concepts of related persons, under-invoicing and over-invoicing, Special Valuation Branch, etc. This edition covers everything you need to understand about the provisions of Valuation under Customs in a subtle and simplified language. The detailed coverage of the book is as follows: · Introduction · Valuation of Imported Goods o Transaction Value o Transaction Value to be Accepted in the Absence of Condition and Restriction under Rule 3(2) o Contract Prices and Transaction Value o High Sea Sales and Transaction Value o Related Persons o Transaction Value of Identical or Similar Goods and Contemporaneous Imports o Deductive Value o Computed Value o Residual Method o Reliance on Foreign Journals indicating International Prices for Determining Assessable Value o Addition to Transaction Value Royalty, Licence and Technical Know-How Fees o Other Addition to Transaction Value o Declaration by the Importer o Rejection of Declared Value o Investigation by Special Valuation Branch · Valuation of Export Goods o Export Valuation o Under-Invoicing and Over-Invoicing of Exports o Customs Valuation (Determination of Value of Export Goods) Rules, 2007 o Inclusion/Exclusion Duty Element from Cum Duty Price o Valuation of Goods Sold in DTA from EOU and Debonding of Capital Goods from EOU

Explains process of importing goods into the U.S., including informed compliance, invoices, duty assessments, classification and value, marking requirements, etc.

The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.

Trade integration contributes substantially to economic development and poverty alleviation. In recent years much progress was made to liberalize the trade regime, but customs procedures are often still complex, costly and non-transparent. This situation leads to misallocation of resources. 'Customs Modernization Handbook' provides an overview of the key elements of a successful customs modernization strategy and draws lessons from a number of successful customs reforms as well as from customs reform projects that have been undertaken by the World Bank. It describes a number of key import procedures, that have proved particularly troublesome for customs administrations and traders, and provides practical guidelines to enhance their efficiency. The Handbook also reviews the appropriate legal framework for customs operations as well as strategies to combat corruption.

The historic growth in world trade, large container ships and information technology have triggered profound changes in international trade. A few years ago, customs officers at the border were meticulously checking goods and documents before releasing a shipment to the trader. A business could be confident that a shipment that had cleared customs complied with all applicable regulations. Today, to reduce congestion and give the trade quick access to their goods, customs have introduced risk management principles and a large number of shipments clear customs automatically. Controls have moved from the border to the trader’s premises and it is during site visits that customs officers check the business compliance records. Moving from frontier checks to audit based controls has transferred a high level of responsibility and risk to the trader. It is now the duty of the trader to identify and report any error or irregularity and to keep an impeccable audit trail from initial quotation to receipt of payment. For the business, failing to provide satisfactory compliance records will result in delayed shipments and serious disruption in the supply chain. This will in turn impact on financial performance indicators such as Days in Inventory, Days Sales Outstanding and of course Cash Flow. The business will also have to endure in depth customs audits during which customs officers will inspect each step of the audit trail disrupting day-to-day business operation. Errors uncovered during these audits will yield heavy financial penalties and a customs debt. Ultimately, customs risk will impact on shareholders value. Customs and finance reporting should receive the same level of attention. However, if all companies check carefully their tax returns, only a few check their import or export declarations with the same scrutiny. Managing customs risk is often seen as a cost centre but it is also a source of competitive advantage. A sound customs management can reduce or remov