A Washington Post Book of the Year Winner of the Merle Curti Award Winner of the Jacques Barzun Prize Winner of the Ralph Waldo Emerson Award “A masterful study of privacy.” —Sue Halpern, New York Review of Books “Masterful (and timely)...[A] marathon trek from Victorian propriety to social media exhibitionism...Utterly original.” —Washington Post Every day, we make decisions about what to share and when, how much to expose and to whom. Securing the boundary between one’s private affairs and public identity has become an urgent task of modern life. How did privacy come to loom so large in public consciousness? Sarah Igo tracks the quest for privacy from the invention of the telegraph onward, revealing enduring debates over how Americans would—and should—be known. The Known Citizen is a penetrating historical investigation with powerful lessons for our own times, when corporations, government agencies, and data miners are tracking our every move. “A mighty effort to tell the story of modern America as a story of anxieties about privacy...Shows us that although we may feel that the threat to privacy today is unprecedented, every generation has felt that way since the introduction of the postcard.” —Louis Menand, New Yorker “Engaging and wide-ranging...Igo’s analysis of state surveillance from the New Deal through Watergate is remarkably thorough and insightful.” —The Nation

Emerging neurotechnology offers increasingly individualised brain information, enabling researchers to identify mental states and content. When accurate and valid, these brain-reading technologies also provide data that could be useful in criminal legal procedures, such as memory detection with EEG and the prediction of recidivism with fMRI. Yet, unlike in medicine, individuals involved in criminal cases will often be reluctant to undergo brain-reading procedures. This raises the question of whether coercive brain-reading could be permissible in criminal law. Coercive Brain-Reading in Criminal Justice examines this question in view of European human rights: the prohibition of ill-treatment, the right to privacy, freedom of thought, freedom of expression, and the privilege against self-incrimination. The book argues that, at present, the established framework of human rights does not exclude coercive brain-reading. It does, however, delimit the permissible use of forensic brain-reading without valid consent. This cautionary, cutting-edge book lays a crucial foundation for understanding the future of criminal legal proceedings in a world of ever-advancing neurotechnology.

The impetus for this volume came from the editors' belief that most current research and thinking about personnel selection and assessment in organizations considered only the perspective of the employer. The job applicant seeking to join the organization or the employee being considered for promotion or reassignment was typically given little attention from the designers of employment or assessment systems. They believed that this imbalance had several negative implications: 1. Organizational selection and assessment appeared to be the principal area within work and organizational psychology that had forgotten a basic tenet of the profession of psychology, namely, that the welfare of the individual is paramount. 2. A lack of concern for the individuals who were being assessed could result in additional criticisms of psychological assessment in employment settings. 3. The acceptability of selection and assessment devices and systems may impact in (largely) unknown ways on the decisions of individuals to apply for jobs or transfers, thus affecting the selection ratio and potential utility of such systems. 4. Individual reactions to the characteristics of assessment and selection devices could affect the accuracy of the information obtained about those individuals, adversely affecting the reliability and validity of resulting personnel decisions. Informally discussing these concerns with their professional colleagues, the editors found that others were similarly troubled. Their next response was to organize a three day conference bringing together a number of researchers in applied psychology to present papers and participate in discussions related to balancing individual and organizational needs in selection and assessment. Revisions of the papers presented at this conference form the core of this volume.

In a city that lay abandoned since 1986 comes a secret that only money can reveal. The city of Pripyat was cosidered beautiful by many, but now is the battle ground for a hunt conducted by the rich. Ten sponsers must select the most evil people they know to compete in a battle royale against an immortal creature. They must unite together or die fighting amongst each other all for the entertainment of a secret group known as, The Dead Watchers.

Unlike other social animals, humans have evolved far too much analytical intelligence to let us naturally agree with each other’s actions. Nevertheless, in the short span of a few million years, we have become the most effectively cooperative species on the planet, and this book argues that this is owing to our consciousness. So far, consciousness has stubbornly defeated our attempts to explain it as a product of non-mental elements. The ultimate reason for this failure is that we are conscious of being conscious. As a result, all non-mental based explanations lead to endless chains of infinite regress. Therefore, this book proposes to drop the requirement of non-mental elements as explanations of consciousness for the time being, and instead base our explanations on elements that are already ‘borderline-conscious’. Be they prime (single) or compound, all qualia form with lightning speed in our mind, and are always experienced as singular, unique, and personal. They play for our mind the same role that ‘hashes’ (short, standardized, unambiguous, and unique tokens of immensely large and complex ‘originals’) play for our modern information technology. Therefore, using concepts derived from Arthur Schopenhauer, Bertrand Russell, Glaucoma, Hash functions (SHA-2), and the logical connective ‘XOR’ (exclusive OR), this book defines consciousness as a super-compound quale, which combines all compound qualia that are present at every moment in everyone’s mind.