Surveys the oral cultural heritage of black Americans as manifested in music, folk tales and heroes, and humor.

There is a current revival of Black Consciousness, as political and student movements around the world – as well as academics and campaigners working in decolonization – reconfigure the continued struggle for socio-economic revolution. Yet the roots of Black Consciousness and its relation to other movements such as Black Lives Matter have only begun to be explored. Black Consciousness has deep connections to the struggle against apartheid. The Black Consciousness Reader is an essential collection of history, culture, philosophy and meaning of Black Consciousness by some of the thinkers, artists and activists who developed it in order to finally bring revolution to South Africa. A contribution to the world’s Black cultural archive, it examines how the proper acknowledgement of Blackness brings a greater love, a broader sweep of heroes and a wider understanding of intellectual and political influences. Although the legendary murdered activist Steve Biko is a strong figure within this history, the book documents many other significant international Black Consciousness personalities and focuses a predominantly African eye on Black Consciousness in politics, land, women, power, art, music and religion. Onkgopotse Tiro, Vuyelwa Mashalaba, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Assata Shakur, Marcus Garvey, Neville Alexander, Thomas Sankara, Malcolm X, Don Mattera, Keorapetse Kgositsile, W.E.B. DuBois, Walter Rodney, Mongane Wally Serote, Ready D and Zola are among the many bold minds included in this amalgam of facts, ideas and images.

When this book first appeared in 1977, it marked a revolution in the understanding of African American history. Contrary to prevailing ideas at the time, which held that African culture disappeared quickly under slavery and that black Americans had little group pride, history, or cohesiveness, the author uncovered a rich and complex African American oral tradition, including songs, proverbs, jokes, folktales, and long narrative poems called toasts--work that dated from before and after emancipation. The fact that these ideas and sources seem so commonplace now is in large part due this book and the scholarship that followed in its wake. A landmark work that was part of the "cultural turn" in American history, this book profoundly influenced an entire generation of historians.

African American spirituality plays a central role in the formation and practice of Black freedom in America. This freedom is primarily spiritual and cultural and has a significant role in shaping Black consciousness, behavior and belief.It has created a cultural archive or black culture soul, which shapes the colors, content, timber and texture of the African American communities.Unlike other paradigms which posit the social, political and economic imperatives of freedom, the African American model stipulates the vital role of Black spirituality. This spirituality embodies the creation and sustenance of Black culture, establishes psychological and spiritual relocation in response to oppression, and equips African Americans with the spiritual tools for their physical, vocational and institutional survival.A central thesis of the book is that African American spirituality, by the way it shapes and informs black life, creates a unique praxis of freedom. Most importantly is the way Black spirituality is expressed in Black culture, the Black church and Black life values.Creativity is, therefore, essential to freedom. That freedom is manifested in everything from the development of jazz as a sui generis and indigenous art form, to the ways Black people walk, talk, interpret and oppositionally express themselves in the world.Such creativity is indispensable to the formation and preservation of Black life. It has been used by African Americans as a powerful weapon in maintaining identity and creating a spirituality of culture and a culture of spirituality, which have largely thwarted their complete psychological and physical annihilatio

An account of the location of black intellectuals in the modern world following the end of racial slavery. The lives and writings of key African Americans such as Martin Delany, W.E.B. Dubois, Frederick Douglas and Richard Wright are examined in the light of their experiences in Europe and Africa.

Liberation and Development: Black Consciousness Community Programs in South Africa is an account of the community development programs of the Black Consciousness movement in South Africa. It covers the emergence of the movement’s ideas and practices in the context of the late 1960s and early 1970s, then analyzes how activists refined their practices, mobilized resources, and influenced people through their work. The book examines this history primarily through the Black Community Programs organization and its three major projects: the yearbook Black Review, the Zanempilo Community Health Center, and the Njwaxa leatherwork factory. As opposed to better-known studies of antipolitical, macroeconomic initiatives, this book shows that people from the so-called global South led development in innovative ways that promised to increase social and political participation. It particularly explores the power that youth, women, and churches had in leading change in a hostile political environment. With this new perspective on a major liberation movement, Hadfield not only causes us to rethink aspects of African history but also offers lessons from the past for African societies still dealing with developmental challenges similar to those faced during apartheid.