Carbon Dioxide Utilisation: Closing the Carbon Cycle explores areas of application such as conversion to fuels, mineralization, conversion to polymers, and artificial photosynthesis as well as assesses the potential industrial suitability of the various processes. After an introduction to the thermodynamics, basic reactions, and physical chemistry of carbon dioxide, the book proceeds to examine current commercial and industrial processes, and the potential for carbon dioxide as a green and sustainable resource. While carbon dioxide is generally portrayed as a "bad" gas, a waste product, and a major contributor to global warming, a new branch of science is developing to convert this "bad" gas into useful products. This book explores the science behind converting CO2 into fuels for our cars and planes, and for use in plastics and foams for our homes and cars, pharmaceuticals, building materials, and many more useful products. Carbon dioxide utilization is a rapidly expanding area of research that holds a potential key to sustainable, petrochemical-free chemical production and energy integration. - Accessible and balanced between chemistry, engineering, and industrial applications - Informed by blue-sky thinking and realistic possibilities for future technology and applications - Encompasses supply chain sustainability and economics, processes, and energy integration

Circular Economy Processes for CO2 Capture and Utilization: Strategies and Case-Studies presents an innovative resource or integrating carbon capture, storage and utilization into the sustainable circular economy of the future. Split into two parts, the book offers readers a grounding in the fundamentals of the circular economy and the potential contribution of CCS. Strategies for implementing CCS into a circular economy are explained, with benefits and limitations analyzed. The book then offers a gallery of case studies from the newest research in the area, allowing readers to access lessons learned and critical considerations for integrating CCS into the circular economy. Marrying theory and practice for a holistic perspective, this book offers readers an essential guide to theorizing and implementing a sustainable future economy that utilizes the full potential of carbon capture. - Presents strategies for the cutting-edge integration of carbon capture and storage with a sustainable circular economy - Approaches process design challenges, successful stories and limitations in a practical and comprehensive way - Brings together theoretical processes and real-world case studies to support both research and implementation

In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the locations where they are emitted or directly from the atmosphere. Once captured, these gases can be stored or put to use. While both carbon storage and carbon utilization have costs, utilization offers the opportunity to recover some of the cost and even generate economic value. While current carbon utilization projects operate at a relatively small scale, some estimates suggest the market for waste carbon-derived products could grow to hundreds of billions of dollars within a few decades, utilizing several thousand teragrams of waste carbon gases per year. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs assesses research and development needs relevant to understanding and improving the commercial viability of waste carbon utilization technologies and defines a research agenda to address key challenges. The report is intended to help inform decision making surrounding the development and deployment of waste carbon utilization technologies under a variety of circumstances, whether motivated by a goal to improve processes for making carbon-based products, to generate revenue, or to achieve environmental goals.

Interdisciplinary approach to sustainability, illustrating current catalytic approaches in applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment covers the use of catalysis in its various approaches, including homogeneous, supported, and heterogeneous catalysis, and photo- and electrocatalysis, towards sustainable environmental benefits. The text fosters interdisciplinarity in sustainability by illustrating modern perspectives in catalysis, from fields including inorganic, organic, organometallic, bioinorganic, pharmacological, and analytical chemistry, along with chemical engineering and materials science. The chapters are grouped in seven sections on (i) Carbon Dioxide Utilization, (ii) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Transformation, (iii) Carbon-based Catalysis, (iv) Coordination, Inorganic, and Bioinspired Catalysis, (v) Organocatalysis, (vi) Catalysis for Water and Liquid Fuels Purification, and (vii) Hydrogen Formation/Storage. Sample topics covered in Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment include: Activation of relevant small molecules with strong environmental impact and carbon-based catalysts for sustainable chemical processes Catalytic synthesis of important added value organic compounds, in both commodity and fine chemistries (large and small scale productions, respectively) Development of catalytic systems operating under environmentally benign and mild conditions towards the establishment of sustainable energy processes Catalysis by coordination, metal and metal-free compounds, MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) and nanoparticles, and their contribution to environmental and sustainable processes Employing the latest approaches that impact global and circular economies, Catalysis for a Sustainable Environment serves as an excellent starting point for innovative catalytic approaches, and will appeal to professionals in engineering, academia, and industry who wish to improve existing processes and materials.

The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.

To achieve goals for climate and economic growth, "negative emissions technologies" (NETs) that remove and sequester carbon dioxide from the air will need to play a significant role in mitigating climate change. Unlike carbon capture and storage technologies that remove carbon dioxide emissions directly from large point sources such as coal power plants, NETs remove carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere or enhance natural carbon sinks. Storing the carbon dioxide from NETs has the same impact on the atmosphere and climate as simultaneously preventing an equal amount of carbon dioxide from being emitted. Recent analyses found that deploying NETs may be less expensive and less disruptive than reducing some emissions, such as a substantial portion of agricultural and land-use emissions and some transportation emissions. In 2015, the National Academies published Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration, which described and initially assessed NETs and sequestration technologies. This report acknowledged the relative paucity of research on NETs and recommended development of a research agenda that covers all aspects of NETs from fundamental science to full-scale deployment. To address this need, Negative Emissions Technologies and Reliable Sequestration: A Research Agenda assesses the benefits, risks, and "sustainable scale potential" for NETs and sequestration. This report also defines the essential components of a research and development program, including its estimated costs and potential impact.