An intimate portrait of American modern dance and gay life in the 1930s.

In January 1969, just months before the Stonewall Riots, Ted Shawn (1891-1972) wanted to tell a story about how his life, writings, and dances contributed to the rapidly evolving gay liberation movement around him. Shawn died before he was able to put forth a candid account about how he, the "Father of American Dance," was homosexual, but he scrupulously archived his correspondence, diaries, photographs, and motion pictures of his dances, anticipating that the full significance of his choreography would reveal itself in time. Ted Shawn: His Life, Writings, and Dances tells that story.

First Published in 1988. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

In 1930, dancer and choreographer Martha Graham proclaimed the arrival of "dance as an art of and from America." Dancers such as Doris Humphrey, Ted Shawn, Katherine Dunham, and Helen Tamiris joined Graham in creating a new form of dance, and, like other modernists, they experimented with and argued over their aesthetic innovations, to which they assigned great meaning. Their innovations, however, went beyond aesthetics. While modern dancers devised new ways of moving bodies in accordance with many modernist principles, their artistry was indelibly shaped by their place in society. Modern dance was distinct from other artistic genres in terms of the people it attracted: white women (many of whom were Jewish), gay men, and African American men and women. Women held leading roles in the development of modern dance on stage and off; gay men recast the effeminacy often associated with dance into a hardened, heroic, American athleticism; and African Americans contributed elements of social, African, and Caribbean dance, even as their undervalued role defined the limits of modern dancers' communal visions. Through their art, modern dancers challenged conventional roles and images of gender, sexuality, race, class, and regionalism with a view of American democracy that was confrontational and participatory, authorial and populist. Modern Bodies exposes the social dynamics that shaped American modernism and moved modern dance to the edges of society, a place both provocative and perilous.

What kinds of men become theatrical dancers? Why do men do ballet? The worlds of Western theatrical dance, gender relations and sexuality intermingle and, overtime, produce different answers to these questions. Survey of the history of men in dance, as Nijinsky and Nureyev, and of subjects as masculinity and homosexuality.