Scientific Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Forestry / Forestry Economics, Wageningen University, language: English, abstract: Protected area has long history in natural reserve in Cambodia and its idea is not new to this nation. It has been introduced for not only management and conservation of ecosystem but also protection of cultural value and landscape. In 1925, 10,800 hectares of forests surrounding Angkor temple was declared as the first national park in Southeast Asia. To respond to the loss of biodiversity in the nation, conservation and management effort has been made continuously. In 1957, one third of country has been allocated into 173 forest reserves and six wildlife reserves and most of those sites currently declared as the protected areas which offer recreation services to the society along with nature conservation. The long delay of civil war caused the management of protected areas to collapse and over the past decade effort was made to restore the protected area systems into practical sense. In 1993, the King Norodom Shihanouk (Father of the present king) issued the decree on a new national protected area system. Ministry of Environment is responsible for the management and development an area of 3,327,200 ha in cooperation with Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery.The Royal Decree 126 on "The Creation and Designation of Protection Area" designates 23 protected areas which constitute to 19 percent of the country. In addition, four management categories was defined, namely (1) national parks, (2) wildlife sanctuaries, (3) protected landscapes, and (4) multiple-use management areas. Until February 2008, law on protected areas was approved and it defined the clear roles, obligations and authority of different stakeholders. The increase of number of fish sanctuaries and protected forest areas set up through Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery bring the national protected area up to 21 percent of the nation. Even though prot

IUCN's Protected Areas Management Categories, which classify protected areas according to their management objectives, are today accepted as the benchmark for defining, recording, and classifying protected areas. They are recognized by international bodies such as the United Nations as well as many national governments. As a result, they are increasingly being incorporated into government legislation. These guidelines provide as much clarity as possible regarding the meaning and application of the Categories. They describe the definition of the Categories and discuss application in particular biomes and management approaches.

This book describes the state of the art of tourism planning and management in national parks and protected areas. It also provides guidelines for best practice in tourism operations. Other objectives are to: Describe case studies and guidelines that contribute to conservation of biological diversity; consider the role of local communities within or near these areas; outline the development of tourism infrastructure and services; discuss visitor management; provide guidelines to enhance the quality of the tourism experience. The focus is global and the book will appeal to both academics and practitioners.

Acknowledged as the international standard text for basic security procedures in museums.

Top researchers share their expertise on conservation and sustainability in areas that extend across national borders! This informative and insightful book examines strategies being used by governments and NGOs to protect wild areas that cross national borders and cultural, linguistic, and socioeconomic boundaries. In addition to presenting case studies from five continents, Transboundary Protected Areas: The Viability of Regional Conservation Strategies provides several theoretical overviews that suggest viable approaches to conserving biodiversity in these difficult-to-protect areas. From the editors: “Historically, the borders of protected areas have been defined by convenient social, political, or proprietary boundaries rather than by ecological boundaries. Today, many scientists and practitioners are in agreement that the world's biodiversity and other natural resources can best be conserved on an ecosystem or regional scale, which may or may not be consistent with political boundaries. Efforts to protect land on an ecosystem scale have led to the creation of numerous transboundary protected areas, also referred to as international peace parks or transfrontier conservation areas. These areas, which often cross linguistic, socioeconomic, and cultural boundaries as well as national borders, represent regional conservation at its most complex. While many scientists and practitioners promote eco-regional approaches to conservation, many also advocate pursuing conservation goals on local or community scales. Conservationists therefore endeavor to achieve a seemingly incongruous mandate: to pursue top-down (regional) goals using bottom-up (local) approaches.” Transboundary Protected Areas: The Viability of Regional Conservation Strategies addresses the vital questions associated with this mandate: Is it reasonable and realistic to approach regional conservation this way? What strategies have been employed to achieve these goals—and how successful have they been? Who benefits from transboundary conservation—and what are the costs? Reflecting the information delivered at the 2001 conference of the Yale chapter of the International Society of Tropical Foresters (ISTF), this book provides you with the best answers available at this time. The contributors include social and natural scientists, resource managers, policymakers, and community leaders. Transboundary Protected Areas: The Viability of Regional Conservation Strategies brings them together for an interdisciplinary exploration of these questions and other critical issues related to conservation in and around transboundary protected areas. Specific cases that are thoughtfully examined in Transboundary Protected Areas: The Viability of Regional Conservation Strategies include: the public reaction to the Yellowstone to Yukon (Y2Y) Conservation Initiative the ways in which the establishment of southern Africa's existing and proposed Transfrontier Conservation Areas (TFCAs) can help conserve biodiversity, aid socioeconomic development, and promote international peace development and conservation efforts in the Maloti-Drakensberg mountains of southern Africa, which straddle the borderlands between South Africa and Lesotho the cultural aspects of protected area management in Venezuela and Guyana the impact of transfrontier collaboration as evidenced by the International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP) in the Virunga-Bwindi region of Africa (Uganda, Rwanda, and the Democratic Republic of Congo) how the Nepalese have addressed the problems of poaching, commercial logging, illegal harvesting and smuggling of forest products, and illegal trade of wildlife and wildlife products in the eastern Himalayas by implementing a transboundary biodiversity conservation initiative Helpful maps, tables, and figures make geographical regions and conservation information easy to assimilate.