A banking system emerged in Brazil during the early 20th century that was efficiently and productively supported by economic development. However, it also contained the seeds of its future limitations. This banking system did not equalize conditions across sectors or regions as existing theory and historiography anticipated. Deeply embedded institutional constraints limited banking's contribution to long-term development. The three most important institutional constraints were insecure property rights, continual tension between the system's public and private sector functions, and competition between the Federal State and the states. Nevertheless, the banking system was an effective tool in the consolidation of an economy of national scope during these crucial years. As a modern banking system emerged, its use in national consolidation both magnified and reflected its limitations.

Examines monetary and financial policies and their effects on rates of economic growth in developing countries and describes balanced assessment of the role of money, banking and finance in the process of economic development.

CD-ROM contains: World Bank data.

I. Introduction (Rondo Cameron) -- II. Austria, 1800-1914 (Richard L. Rudolph) --3. Italy, 1861-1914 (Jon S. Cohen) --IV. Spain, 1829-1874 (Gabriel Tortella) -- V. Serbia, 1872-1912 ( John R. Lampe) --VI. Japan, 1868-1930 : A Revised View ( Kozo Yamamura) -- VII. Louisiana, 1804-1861 (George D. Green) Viii. The United States, 1863-1913 ( Richard Sylla).

This book, first published in 1985, is a study of the functioning of one sector of American capital markets – non-reserve city national banks – between 1870 and 1900. The unusually wide and deep expansion of the American economy in this period was impelled in part by the growth and development of agriculture, and this study examines the role of one source of loanable funds – banks chartered under the National Banking Acts – in providing American farmers with loans to expand and capitalize.

Banking on Growth Models contends that China's rapid economic rise from the late 1970s to today has been built on and shaped by a highly politicized and inefficient bank-centric financial system. Stephen Bell and Hui Feng argue that if the Chinese growth model drives how key economic sectors interact, no amount of incremental reform can have much impact on the financial system—meaningful reform can stem only from a revised growth model. For a time after the global financial crisis, it appeared that the expansion of a more market-oriented shadow banking system might help sustain China's economic growth. Since around 2015, however, Xi Jinping's regime has reversed this trajectory and placed China's financial system under heavy state control, resulting in slowed economic development and skyrocketing national debt. China's market transition and economic rebalancing are now in doubt, as is the fate of the nation's economy. By pinpointing finance as a vital element of the growth model, Bell and Feng provide a convincing assessment of financial risks and the prospects for economic rebalancing in China. Banking on Growth Models demystifies the world of Chinese banking and finance as it investigates an ever-rising national debt, a declining rate of economic growth, and the possibility of dire and drastic reform by the Asian superpower's government.