Autoignition and Emission Characteristics of Gaseous Fuel Direct-injection Compression-ignition Combustion
Title | Autoignition and Emission Characteristics of Gaseous Fuel Direct-injection Compression-ignition Combustion PDF eBook |
Author | |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | 2002 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
Heavy-duty natural gas engines offer air pollution and energy diversity benefits. However, current homogeneous-charge lean-burn engines suffer from impaired efficiency and high unburned fuel emissions. Natural gas direct-injection engines offer the potential of diesel-like efficiencies, but require further research. To improve understanding of the autoignition and emission characteristics of natural gas direct-injection compression-ignition combustion, the effects of key operating parameters (including injection pressure, injection duration, and pre-combustion temperature) and gaseous fuel composition(including the effects of ethane, hydrogen and nitrogen addition) were studied. An experimental investigation was carried out on a shock tube facility. Ignition delay, ignition kernel location, and NOx emissions were measured. The results indicated that the addition of ethane to the fuel resulted in a decrease in ignition delay and a significant increase in NOx emissions. The addition of hydrogen to the fuel resulted in a decrease in ignition delay and a significant decrease in NOx emissions. Diluting the fuel with nitrogen resulted in an increase in ignition delay and a significant decrease in NOx emissions. Increasing pre-combustion temperature resulted in a significant reduction in ignition delay, and a significant increase in NOx emissions. Modest increase in injection pressure reduced the ignition delay; increasing injection pressure resulted in higher NOx emissions. The effects of ethane, hydrogen, and nitrogen addition on the ignition delay of methane were also successfully predicted by FlameMaster simulation. OH radical distribution in the flame was visualized utilizing Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). Single-shot OH-PLIF images revealed the stochastic nature of the autoignition process of non-premixed methane jets. Examination of the convergence of the ensemble-averaged OH-PLIF images showed that increasing the number of repeat experiments was the most.
Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology
Title | Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology PDF eBook |
Author | Gautam Kalghatgi |
Publisher | Springer Nature |
Pages | 339 |
Release | 2022-01-17 |
Genre | Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | 9811687358 |
This book focuses on gasoline compression ignition (GCI) which offers the prospect of engines with high efficiency and low exhaust emissions at a lower cost. A GCI engine is a compression ignition (CI) engine which is run on gasoline-like fuels (even on low-octane gasoline), making it significantly easier to control particulates and NOx but with high efficiency. The state of the art development to make GCI combustion feasible on practical vehicles is highlighted, e.g., on overcoming problems on cold start, high-pressure rise rates at high loads, transients, and HC and CO emissions. This book will be a useful guide to those in academia and industry.
Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts
Title | Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts PDF eBook |
Author | Isabella Nova |
Publisher | Springer Science & Business Media |
Pages | 715 |
Release | 2014-03-14 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 1489980717 |
Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Advances in Compression Ignition Natural Gas – Diesel Dual Fuel Engines
Title | Advances in Compression Ignition Natural Gas – Diesel Dual Fuel Engines PDF eBook |
Author | Hongsheng Guo |
Publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
Pages | 125 |
Release | 2021-03-23 |
Genre | Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | 2889666212 |
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance
Title | Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance PDF eBook |
Author | Richard Folkson |
Publisher | Woodhead Publishing |
Pages | 800 |
Release | 2022-07-27 |
Genre | Technology & Engineering |
ISBN | 0323900283 |
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicle Technologies for Improved Environmental Performance: Towards Zero Carbon Transportation, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of key developments in advanced fuels and vehicle technologies to improve the energy efficiency and environmental impact of the automotive sector. Sections consider the role of alternative fuels such as electricity, alcohol and hydrogen fuel cells, as well as advanced additives and oils in environmentally sustainable transport. Other topics explored include methods of revising engine and vehicle design to improve environmental performance and fuel economy and developments in electric and hybrid vehicle technologies. This reference will provide professionals, engineers and researchers of alternative fuels with an understanding of the latest clean technologies which will help them to advance the field. Those working in environmental and mechanical engineering will benefit from the detailed analysis of the technologies covered, as will fuel suppliers and energy producers seeking to improve the efficiency, sustainability and accessibility of their work. - Provides a fully updated reference with significant technological advances and developments in the sector - Presents analyses on the latest advances in electronic systems for emissions control, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence and legislative requirements - Includes a strong focus on updated climate change predictions and consequences, helping the reader work towards ambitious 2050 climate change goals for the automotive industry
Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere for Environmental Security
Title | Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere for Environmental Security PDF eBook |
Author | Agnès Perrin |
Publisher | Springer Science & Business Media |
Pages | 347 |
Release | 2007-01-21 |
Genre | Nature |
ISBN | 1402050909 |
This volume continues presentation of the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) held at Rabat, Morocco on the 17-19th of November 2005 entitled Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere for Environmental Security. Coverage includes a review of recent and upcoming experimental satellite measurements of the Earth’s atmosphere, characterisation of pollution in urban areas and the growing lack of water in many countries of the Mediterranean area, and more.
Computational Studies of Gas Injection, Ignition and Combustion Emissions in a Direct-injection Natural Gas Engine
Title | Computational Studies of Gas Injection, Ignition and Combustion Emissions in a Direct-injection Natural Gas Engine PDF eBook |
Author | Kang Pan |
Publisher | |
Pages | 0 |
Release | 2019 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
The direct-injection of natural gas into the compression-ignition engines is attractive, due to its emission advantage and diesel-equivalent efficiency. The computational simulation of this next-generation heavy-duty engine can provide deep insights of the gas injection and ignition characteristics and help understand the emission formation process, and hence, a KIVA-3v based three-dimensional computational model was developed and improved to represent the configuration of a glow plug assisted direct-injection natural gas engine. This thesis presents the important conclusions about the numerical studies of the natural gas ignition and emissions by using this engine computational model. Preliminary simulations revealed that the shield for a glow plug, an ignition assist for natural gas in compression-ignition engines, can highly improve the natural gas ignition stability compared to an unshielded glow plug, and the design of the glow plug shield has great potential for the further improvement of the natural gas ignition. The different shield designs, characterized by the parameters such as shield opening shape, number and distribution, were evaluated by using the improved KIVA model. The simulated results clearly demonstrated the three key functions of a good shield design. A multi-opening shield, consisting of four small openings in a diamond shape, can achieve all three requirements and hence highly reduce the natural gas ignition delay and improve the ignition stability, compared to the original single-opening shield. The proper emission models are critical for the numerical simulations of natural gas engine emissions. For the gaseous species, a kinetic package, CANTERA, is coupled to KIVA CFD code to simulate the formation of important emissions, such as C2H2 and NOx. However, the available detailed mechanisms, such as GRI-3.0, will over-predict the ignition delay at low temperature (