Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) are one among the different approaches implemented to curb the spread of HIV infections and minimise the impact on individuals and families. VCT are considered effective strategies in risk reduction among sexually active individuals, hence, the involvement of men in HIV services is critical to ensure the success of such services. Efforts by government and civil society organisations to get more men involved in HIV services in Namibia over the years have yielded little benefits. This research focused on determining the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of male adults regarding the use of VCT services in Opuwo District, Kunene Region, in Namibia. Data were collected in Opuwo town, Otuzemba and Katutura locations. The aim was to determine the role played by the male adults’ knowledge, attitudes, or practices in the uptake of HIV testing. The purpose of this research was to appraise the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of VCT and to determine their association with demographic data on HIV uptake of the male adults in Opuwo district. The study employed a descriptive cross section study, method was used to select the respondents from a population which was done from September to November 2019. The simple random sampling of men aged between 15-50 years and above. The sampling formular used was EPI-INFO version 7 with a confidence interval of 95% and a power of 80%, which gave a sample of 113 participants. Data were gathered from 113 participants using a structured questionnaire that was distributed by the researcher and with the help of two people. The theoretical framework that was utilised in this study was the Health Belief Model, which submits the way beliefs guide individual actions and the process that people go through to change their behaviour The study was guided by ethical principles of beneficence, principle of respect for person and principle of justice.

A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in Kathmandu district, Nepal, to find out the relationship between utilization of counseling-testing visit for voluntary counseling and testing service and socio-economic characteristics of people, and to measure their knowledge about HIV infection and AIDS. The survey was conducted in both of urban and rural area of Kathmandu district, participants aged 15-49 years were randomly selected from the general as well as target population to be interviewed. Descriptive analysis, graphical presentation and three regression model analysis and estimated from OLS method, Hypothesis testing for statistical significance as of result interpretation were used to describe the association between selected variables as requirement of research objectives. A total of two hundred eighty people were interviewed. The prevalence of knowledge about HIV/AIDS of people was 85% ranging from 47% to 98%.People with gender, ethnicity in urban area had higher knowledge about HIV/AIDS, There were differences between male and female in terms of educational level, income and utilization of counseling -testing visit for VCT service. Income ranged from Rs 2000.00 to Rs 50,000.00 with the mean was Rs 10,385.72.Knowledge about HIV/AIDS was important factor affecting utilization of counseling-testing visit for VCT service with positive impact or in other word knowledge about HIV/AIDS could increase utilization of counseling-testing service for VCT. Educational level was the most important characteristics of individual affecting to knowledge about HIV/AIDS with high sensitivity. There was a disparity between urban and rural area in term of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and utilization of counseling-testing service for VCT. Individual income also had very important role for improvement the knowledge about HIV/AIDS of people. Utilization of counseling-testing service for VCT is an important basis to expand VCT service in Kathmandu district. Association between individual socioeconomic characteristics and knowledge about HIV/AIDS may be a basis for implementing intervention programs efficiently according to characteristic of individual.