Magic is something unauthorised, an alternative perhaps, even a deliberate cultivation of dark, evil powers. But for the Anglo-Saxon age, the neat division between mainstream and occult, rational and superstitious, Christian and pagan is not always easy to discern. To maintain its authority, the church drew a formal line and outlawed a number of dubious practices, such as divination, spells, and folk healing while at the same time conducting very similar rituals itself. It would seem that there was a convergence of the two cultures, native and Christian and this may effect the tendency to view pagan gods as near omnipotent beings.

"With the arrival of Christianity in England there was a convergence of the new religion with the old. Many of the heathen customs, superstitions, and festivals were adopted to the needs of the Church, which sought, where it could, to preserve continuity with the past. Communities came together to celebrate seasonal festivals in much the same way as before but the meaning of the events and customs was given a Christian gloss. So, while many heathen practices were outlawed, others were absorbed into Christian tradition and preserved. Thus Yuletide, Easter and harvest festivals are still with us." --book jacket.

Discover the secrets of Saxon sorcery, and learn how to craft rune charms, brew potions, cast effective spells, and use magical techniques to find love and prosperity. Exploring the practices and customs of the Anglo-Saxons hidden in English folk traditions, this book shares techniques for making wands and staffs, consecrating and using a ritual knife, healing with herbs (wortcunning), soothsaying, and creating your own set of runes. The meaning and magical properties of the thirty-three Old English Futhorc runes are classified by theme, helping you in your quest to know yourself and influence your world for the better. Previously published with the title Wyrdworking.

In tenth- and eleventh-century England, Anglo-Saxon Christians retained an old folk belief in elves as extremely dangerous creatures capable of harming unwary humans. To ward off the afflictions caused by these invisible beings, Christian priests modified traditional elf charms by adding liturgical chants to herbal remedies. In Popular Religion in Late Saxon England, Karen Jolly traces this cultural intermingling of Christian liturgy and indigenous Germanic customs and argues that elf charms and similar practices represent the successful Christianization of native folklore. Jolly describes a dual process of conversion in which Anglo-Saxon culture became Christianized but at the same time left its own distinct imprint on Christianity. Illuminating the creative aspects of this dynamic relationship, she identifies liturgical folk medicine as a middle ground between popular and elite, pagan and Christian, magic and miracle. Her analysis, drawing on the model of popular religion to redefine folklore and magic, reveals the richness and diversity of late Saxon Christianity.