The early Eucharist has usually been seen as sacramental eating of token bread and wine in careful or even slavish imitation of Jesus and his earliest disciples. In fact the evidence suggests great diversity in its conduct, including the use of foods, in the first few hundred years. Eucharistic meals involving cheese, milk, salt, oil, and vegetables are attested, and some have argued that even fish was used. The most significant exception to using bread and wine, however, was a `bread-and-water' Christian meal, an ancient ascetic form of the Eucharist. This tradition also involved rejection of meat from general diet, and reflected the concern of dissident communities to avoid the cuisine - meat and wine - characteristic of pagan sacrifice. This study describes and discusses these practices fully for the first time, and provides important new insights into the liturgical and social history of early Christianity.

Pagan asceticism: cultic and contemplative purity -- Asceticism in Hellenistic and Rabbinic Judaism -- Christian asceticism before Origen -- Origen and his ascetic legacy -- Cavemen, cenobites, and clerics.

This book is laid out to be a 40 day meditation. This work is a meditation for people to ponder on the Truths of Scripture as Jesus and Mary meditated on the mysteries of Yahweh! This work brings forth biblically based teachings that were alive and strong in biblical times. The first 20 meditations are about Biblical Nutrition. The last 20 come from the scientific aspects of a plant-based diet. The evidence from the scriptures, the early Church period, the Jewish literature, the mystics, and nutrition indicates that Jesus and Mary were kosher, and also that they were vegetarian. The author Jim has related books: Biblical Fasting; Jesus and Mary were Kosher Vegetarians, the Evidence from the Bible, the Early Church and Nutrition; Juice Fasting; and Living Green with Juices, Smoothies and Salads; which are part of this meditation.

Eucharistic Origins was published a number of years ago. This revised edition continues to incorporate the work of the latest liturgical scholars in establishing that the earliest Christian celebrations arose out of varied forms of their ritual meals, and not out of the Last Supper. The custom of centering Christian practice in ritual meals seems to have lasted for about one hundred and fifty years before it began to be replaced by morning meetings at which the sacrament was distributed, and subsequently by a complete celebration of the Eucharist. It is here, in the third and fourth centuries, and not in the distant Jewish past, that the forms of the classical eucharistic prayers emerged and developed. The most important of these are presented in full, and their theology discussed.

WINNER, 2021 HTI BOOK PRIZE Resist! This exhortation animates a remarkable range of theological reflection on consumer culture in the United States. And for many theologians, the source and summit of Christian cultural resistance is the Eucharist. In Commodified Communion, Antonio Eduardo Alonso calls into question this dominant mode of theological reflection on contemporary consumerism. Reducing the work of theology to resistance and centering Christian hope in a Eucharist that might better support it, he argues, undermines our ability to talk about the activity of God within a consumer culture. By reframing the question in terms of God’s activity in and in spite of consumer culture, this book offers a lived theological account of consumer culture that recognizes not only its deceptions but also traces of truth in its broken promises and fallen hopes.

The author has chosen 1) to analyse the Eucharistic traditions of earliest Christianity; and 2) to trace their use within the church of Antioch, focusing on the following key texts: 1 Cor. 11.23-25, Matt. 26.26-29, Did. 9.1-10.6, and Igantius, Phld. 4.1. Therefore, connecting the four Eucharistic texts to the early church of Antioch constitutes the main objective of this study. -- Introduction

In this remarkable book, theologian and teacher Rev. John McKenna examines our use of sign and symbol as it pertains to the study of the Eucharist, "the source and summit" of the Church. In clear and accessible language he clarifies the use of sign and symbol from anthropological, phenomenological, Old and New Testament perspectives. He expertly analyzes historical backgrounds as well as current eucharistic theologies.