No detailed description available for "Problems in Argument Analysis and Evaluation".

​This monograph poses a series of key problems of evidential reasoning and argumentation. It then offers solutions achieved by applying recently developed computational models of argumentation made available in artificial intelligence. Each problem is posed in such a way that the solution is easily understood. The book progresses from confronting these problems and offering solutions to them, building a useful general method for evaluating arguments along the way. It provides a hands-on survey explaining to the reader how to use current argumentation methods and concepts that are increasingly being implemented in more precise ways for the application of software tools in computational argumentation systems. It shows how the use of these tools and methods requires a new approach to the concepts of knowledge and explanation suitable for diverse settings, such as issues of public safety and health, debate, legal argumentation, forensic evidence, science education, and the use of expert opinion evidence in personal and public deliberations.

This book is concerned with the evaluation of natural argumentative discourse, and, in particular, with the language in which arguments are expressed. It introduces a systematic procedure for the analysis and assessment of arguments, which is designed to be a practical tool, and may be considered a pseudo-algorithm for argument evaluation. The first half of the book lays the theoretical groundwork, with a thorough examination of both the nature of language and the nature of argument. This leads to a definition of argumentation as reasoning expressed within a procedure, which itself yields the three frames of analysis used in the evaluation procedure: Process, Reasoning, and Expression. The second half begins with a detailed discussion of the concept of fallacy, with particular attention on fallacies of language, their origin and their effects. A new way of looking at fallacies emerges from these chapters, and it is that conception, together with the understanding of the nature of argumentation described in earlier sections, which ultimately provides the support for the Comprehensive Assessment Procedure for Natural Argumentation. The first two levels of this innovative procedure are outlined, while the third, that dealing with language, and involving the development of an Informal Argument Semantics, is fully described. The use of the system, and its power of analysis, are illustrated through the evaluation of a variety of examples of argumentative texts.

In The Uses of Argument (1958), Stephen Toulmin proposed a model for the layout of arguments: claim, data, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, backing. Since then, Toulmin’s model has been appropriated, adapted and extended by researchers in speech communications, philosophy and artificial intelligence. This book assembles the best contemporary reflection in these fields, extending or challenging Toulmin’s ideas in ways that make fresh contributions to the theory of analysing and evaluating arguments.

An Essential Reference for Intermediate and Advanced R Programmers Advanced R presents useful tools and techniques for attacking many types of R programming problems, helping you avoid mistakes and dead ends. With more than ten years of experience programming in R, the author illustrates the elegance, beauty, and flexibility at the heart of R. The book develops the necessary skills to produce quality code that can be used in a variety of circumstances. You will learn: The fundamentals of R, including standard data types and functions Functional programming as a useful framework for solving wide classes of problems The positives and negatives of metaprogramming How to write fast, memory-efficient code This book not only helps current R users become R programmers but also shows existing programmers what’s special about R. Intermediate R programmers can dive deeper into R and learn new strategies for solving diverse problems while programmers from other languages can learn the details of R and understand why R works the way it does.

The 'Encyclopedia of Evaluation' recognises the growth of evaluation around the world & highlights all the major contributions to the field. There are over 400 entries organised alphabetically.

GMAT Official Guide 2024-2025: Includes Book + Online Question Bank + Digital Flashcards + Mobile App Power up your prep with the GMAT Official Guide, the only study guide that features real exam questions. You’ll get exclusive tips and tricks directly from the exam creators and gain access to 900+ practice questions to set you up for success on test day. Highlights: Updated Data Insights, Quantitative Review and Verbal Review chapters to master each section of the GMAT exam Access to an Online Question Bank to create custom practice sets by questions type and difficulty level so that you can plan your individual practice Exclusive access to online diagnostic evaluations to discover your strengths and focus areas Detailed answer explanations to master the reasoning behind the answers New! Get exclusive exam preparation tips from test prep organizations Use this guide to: Master the exam structure and excel in each section Understand key concepts with review chapters Gain confidence in all question types (featuring 100+ new questions!) Review detailed explanations to understand correct and incorrect answers New! Practice with two-part analysis questions in the book PLUS! Focus your studying with the Online Question Bank – Bonus: included with purchase! Tailor your practice by building practice sets targeting question type and difficulty Discover your strengths and weaknesses with diagnostic quizzes Track your focus areas and progress with key metrics Reinforce concepts with flashcards and engaging games Challenge yourself with timed practice Use digital flashcards to master key concepts, also accessible on the mobile app The Online Question Bank is accessible through your mba.com account.