The 19th century is generally considered the time frame in which the disciplines of architecture and engineering irrevocably parted ways. Although the development of civil engineering as an independent discipline had already begun before the industrial revolution, it proceeded rapidly during the period of industrialisation in conjunction with several other influences. Among those were processes of social transformation in Europe, the development of specialised fields of activity in all professions as a function of changed conditions of production, fundamental technology euphoria in the widespread belief in progress, as well as the development and application of new materials. Especially the building material iron and the associated new types of constructions and typologies can be characterised as typical for that phase of industrialisation. A period of experimentation and discovery occurred in the quest for appropriate methods and forms of construction - built objects continuously confronted physical and cultural boundaries. At a time when the engineers increasingly oriented to the physical sciences, the new homogenous, formable building material symbolically represented the promise of new, groundbreaking theories and precise computing methods in the comprehensive monitoring and new definition of the bearing structure. The architectural potential represented by a freely formable iron mass opened up a great number of forms which often oriented to classicism or the Romanesque. Within architecture during the second half of the 19th century the stubborn striving towards old styles in the context of the use of the new material from a straightforward, engineering standpoint lead to an often deplored architectural crisis.

This volume covers the second great period of developments in iron construction from 1850, following its establishment as a structural material described in volume 9 of this series. Using the Crystal Palace of 1851 as a starting-point, the papers trace the history of iron-frame construction in Britain, France and America, and show its importance in fireproof construction, and in lattice truss and arch bridge design. A final group of papers illustrates the emergence of steel in framed buildings in both Britain and America. The selection brings out the important and daring contribution of individual engineers in their use of this material.

Written by one of the nation's most highly regarded steel fabrication and erection specialists, this comprehensive reference on estimating structural steel, miscellaneous iron, steel stairs and ornamental metal includes: -- setting up a steel fabrication plant -- steel erection techniques and quality control -- evaluating the bid package -- structural steel takeoff and estimating -- contracts, bonds, insurance

ZINC SURFACES THE LEADING RESOURCE FOR ARCHITECTS, DESIGNERS, AND ARTISTS WORKING WITH ZINC Zinc Surfaces: A Guide to Alloys, Finishes, Fabrication and Maintenance in Architecture and Art combines the latest guidance and information about zinc surfaces into a single and comprehensive resource for architects and artists everywhere. The fifth book in the author’s authoritative Architectural Metals Series, Zinc Surfaces offers a highly visual, full-color guide to ensure architects and design professionals have the information they need to properly maintain and fabricate zinc surfaces. Numerous case studies illuminate and highlight the theoretical principles contained within. Full of concrete strategies and practical advice, Zinc Surfaces provides readers with complete information on topics including: The use of zinc in architecture The history of zinc’s use in design How to choose the right alloy for your purposes Surface and chemical finishes Corrosion resistance of various alloys This book is perfect for architecture professionals, metal fabricators and developers, architecture students and instructors, and designers and artists working with metals.

Baltimore was an innovator in the development of cast-iron architecture, but the city's heritage of buildings in this genre, once numbering more than a hundred, has dwindled to only a handful today. The Baltimore region also had a long tradition in iron production, beginning with the colonial era and continuing through the 1950s as Sparrows Point became the single largest steel complex in the world. Baltimore's Cast-Iron Buildings is a celebration of a unique aspect of Baltimore's architectural and industrial history. The authors examine cast-iron buildings in an integrated way to show how the material was fabricated and the buildings erected. They also explore the cast and wrought ironwork used for gates, fences, railings, and ornaments. The heavily illustrated work includes ironwork catalogs from the mid-1800s.