This volume presents a depiction of the Aramaic tribes of Mesopotamia; it explores the ancient and modern periods, the civil and religious influences, and the pagan and Christian heritage. For the past five centuries, the name Chaldean has been applied to Aramaic speaking people of Mesopotamia, and was the last term used to indicate Mesopotamian identity. The author was inspired by the presence of over a hundred thousand Chaldeans in the United States to produce this reference. He cites books and articles that deal with the history and culture, ancient and modern periods, the civil and religious influences, and the pagan and Christian heritage. The unannotated entries are arranged first by ancient and modern periods, then by form -- such as English books and non-English journal articles.