Operations research (OR) is a core discipline in military and defense management. Coming to the forefront initially during World War II, OR provided critical contributions to logistics, supply chains, and strategic simulation, while enabling superior decision-making for Allied forces. OR has grown to include analytics and many applications, including artificial intelligence, cybersecurity, and big data, and is the cornerstone of management science in manufacturing, marketing, telecommunications, and many other fields. The Handbook of Military and Defense Operations Research presents the voices leading OR and analytics to new heights in security through research, practical applications, case studies, and lessons learned in the field. Features Applies the experiences of educators and practitioners working in the field Employs the latest technology developments in case studies and applications Identifies best practices unique to the military, security, and national defense problem space Highlights similarities and dichotomies between analyses and trends that are unique to military, security, and defense problems.

Zadeh introduced in 1965 the theory of fuzzy sets, in which truth values are modelled by numbers in the unit interval [0, 1], for tackling mathematically the frequently appearing in everyday life partial truths. In a second stage, when membership functions were reinterpreted as possibility distributions, fuzzy sets were extensively used to embrace uncertainty modelling. Uncertainty is defined as the shortage of precise knowledge or complete information and possibility theory is devoted to the handling of incomplete information. Zadeh articulated the relationship between possibility and probability, noticing that what is probable must preliminarily be possible. Following the Zadeh’s fuzzy set, various generalizations (intuitionistic, neutrosophic, rough, soft sets, etc.) have been introduced enabling a more effective management of all types of the existing in real world uncertainty. This book presents recent theoretical advances and applications of fuzzy sets and their extensions to Science, Humanities and Education. This book: Presents a qualitative assessment of big data in the education sector using linguistic Quadri partitioned single valued neutrosophic soft sets. Showcases application of n-cylindrical fuzzy neutrosophic sets in education using neutrosophic affinity degree and neutrosophic similarity Index. Covers scientific evaluation of student academic performance using single value neutrosophic Markov chain. Illustrates multi-granulation single-valued neutrosophic probabilistic rough sets for teamwork assessment. Examines estimation of distribution algorithm based on multiple attribute group decision-making to evaluate teaching quality. It is primarily written for Senior undergraduate and graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of electrical engineering, electronics and communication engineering, computer science and engineering.

Focusing on fundamental principles, Hydro-Environmental Analysis: Freshwater Environments presents in-depth information about freshwater environments and how they are influenced by regulation. It provides a holistic approach, exploring the factors that impact water quality and quantity, and the regulations, policy and management methods that are necessary to maintain this vital resource. It offers a historical viewpoint as well as an overview and foundation of the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics affecting the management of freshwater environments. The book concentrates on broad and general concepts, providing an interdisciplinary foundation. The author covers the methods of measurement and classification; chemical, physical, and biological characteristics; indicators of ecological health; and management and restoration. He also considers common indicators of environmental health; characteristics and operations of regulatory control structures; applicable laws and regulations; and restoration methods. The text delves into rivers and streams in the first half and lakes and reservoirs in the second half. Each section centers on the characteristics of those systems and methods of classification, and then moves on to discuss the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of each. In the section on lakes and reservoirs, it examines the characteristics and operations of regulatory structures, and presents the methods commonly used to assess the environmental health or integrity of these water bodies. It also introduces considerations for restoration, and presents two unique aquatic environments: wetlands and reservoir tailwaters. Written from an engineering perspective, the book is an ideal introduction to the aquatic and limnological sciences for students of environmental science, as well as students of environmental engineering. It also serves as a reference for engineers and scientists involved in the management, regulation, or restoration of freshwater environments.

Reliability and safety are core issues that must be addressed throughout the life cycle of engineering systems. Reliability and Safety Engineering presents an overview of the basic concepts, together with simple and practical illustrations. The authors present reliability terminology in various engineering fields, viz., electronics engineering, software engineering, mechanical engineering, structural engineering and power systems engineering. The book describes the latest applications in the area of probabilistic safety assessment, such as technical specification optimization, risk monitoring and risk informed in-service inspection. Reliability and safety studies must, inevitably, deal with uncertainty, so the book includes uncertainty propagation methods: Monte Carlo simulation, fuzzy arithmetic, Dempster-Shafer theory and probability bounds. Reliability and Safety Engineering also highlights advances in system reliability and safety assessment including dynamic system modeling and uncertainty management. Case studies from typical nuclear power plants as well as from structural, software and electronic systems are also discussed. Reliability and Safety Engineering combines discussions of the existing literature on basic concepts and applications with state-of-the-art methods used in reliability and risk assessment of engineering systems. It is designed to assist practicing engineers, students and researchers in the areas of reliability engineering and risk analysis.