Introductory technical guidance for civil and environmental engineers and wastewater treatment plant operators interested in upgrading the quality of effluent from wastewater treatment ponds. Here is what is discussed: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SOLIDS REMOVAL METHODS 3. OPERATIONS MODIFICATIONS AND ADDITIONS 4. CONTROL OF ALGAE AND DESIGN OF SETTLING BASINS 5. COMPARISON OF VARIOUS DESIGN PROCEDURES 6. OPERATIONAL MODIFICATIONS TO FACULTATIVE PONDS 7. COMBINED SYSTEMS 8. PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS WITH OTHER REMOVAL METHODS.

Introductory technical guidance for civil and environmental engineers and wastewater treatment plant operators interested in upgrading effluent from wastewater treatment ponds. Here is what is discussed: 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SOLIDS REMOVAL METHODS 3. OPERATIONS MODIFICATIONS AND ADDITIONS 4. CONTROL OF ALGAE AND DESIGN OF SETTLING BASINS 5. COMPARISON OF VARIOUS DESIGN PROCEDURES 6. OPERATIONAL MODIFICATIONS TO FACULTATIVE PONDS 7. COMBINED SYSTEMS 8. PERFORMANCE COMPARISONS WITH OTHER REMOVAL METHODS.

Pond treatment technology is used in tens of thousands of applications serving many millions of people across the globe - why? Simply because it is efficient and effective. While pond treatment technology offers relative simplicity in its application, it incorporates a host of complex and diverse mechanisms that work to treat and cleanse polluted waters before their return to our environment. This book offers a comprehensive review of the pond technology field including the newest ideas and latest findings. Topics covered include: The physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the pond environment; A detailed review of pond treatment mechanisms and performance; Comprehensive guidance on pond design, operation and upgrade options; A range of chapters summarising new and emerging pond technologies; The integration of ponds with wetlands and aquaculture systems and their use as storage reservoirs; Special applications of pond technology in cold climates, for agricultural wastes and for treatment of stormwater. The objective of this book is to get this wealth of knowledge "out there" to the users to ensure the continuous improvement and ongoing success of this crucial technology.

Affordable and effective domestic wastewater treatment is a critical issue in public health and disease prevention around the world, particularly so in developing countries which often lack the financial and technical resources necessary for proper treatment facilities. This practical guide provides state-of-the-art coverage of methods for domestic wastewater treatment and provides a foundation to the practical design of wastewater treatment and re-use systems. The emphasis is on low-cost, low-energy, low-maintenance, high-performance 'natural' systems that contribute to environmental sustainability by producing effluents that can be safely and profitably used in agriculture for crop irrigation and/or in aquaculture, for fish and aquatic vegetable pond fertilization. Modern design methodologies, with worked design examples, are described for waste stabilization ponds, wastewater storage and treatment reservoirs; constructed wetlands, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, biofilters, aerated lagoons and oxidation ditches. This book is essential reading for engineers, academics and upper-level and graduate students in engineering, wastewater management and public health, and others interested in sustainable and cost-effective technologies for reducing wastewater-related diseases and environmental damage.

Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers and environmental engineers interested in wastewater treatment. Here is what is discussed: 1. INTRODUCTION, 2. ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESSES, 3. CLOSED-LOOP REACTOR DESIGN CRITERIA, 4. EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS, 5. REFERENCES. 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY.