Introductory technical guidance for civil engineers and land surveyors interested in geodetic reference systems for land surveys. Here is what is discussed: 1. GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEMS 2. HORIZONTAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS 3. VERTICAL REFERENCE SYSTEMS.

The GPS Signal - Biases and Solutions - The Framework - Receivers and Methods - Coordinates - Planning a Survey - Observing - Postprocessing - RTK and DGPS.

This publication provides introductory technical guidance for professional engineers and land surveyors interested in accuracy standards for land surveys. Here is what is discussed: 1. PURPOSE 2. GENERAL SURVEYING AND MAPPING SPECIFICATIONS 3. ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR ENGINEERING AND CONSTRUCTION 4. ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR MAPS AND RELATED GEOSPATIAL PRODUCTS 5. PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MAPPING STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS 6. CADASTRAL OR REAL PROPERTY SURVEY ACCURACY STANDARDS 7. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING ACCURACY STANDARDS 8. STRUCTURAL DEFORMATION SURVEY STANDARDS 9. GEODETIC CONTROL SURVEY STANDARDS 10. STATE AND LOCAL ACCURACY STANDARDS 11. MANDATORY STANDARDS

Introductory technical guidance for professional engineers and construction managers interested in land surveying. Here is what is discussed: 1. TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS OVERVIEW, 2. SURVEY METHODS AND TECHNIQUES, 3. SURVEY CONTROL MONUMENTS, 4. FIELD DATA COLLECTORS AND COORDINATE GEOMETRY, 5. HORIZONTAL CONTROL SURVEY TECHNIQUES, 6. VERTICAL CONTROL SURVEY TECHNIQUES, 7. ACCURACY STANDARDS FOR LAND SURVEYS, 8. GEODETIC REFERENCE SYSTEMS, 9. PLANNING AND CONDUCTING CONTROL AND TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEYS.