Transport issues aim to determine the number of units that will be transferred from the production centers to consumption areas so that the cost of transportation is as low as possible, taking into account the conditions of supply and demand. Due to the great importance of these issues and to obtain more accurate results that take into account all circumstances, we conducted two research studies. In the first research, we presented a formulation of neutrosophic transport issues, and in the second research, we presented some ways to find a preliminary solution to these issues, but we do not know whether the preliminary solution is optimal or not, so we will present in this research a study whose purpose is to shed light on some important methods used to improve the optimal solution to transportation issues and then reformulating them using the concepts of neutrosophic science, a science that leaves nothing to chance or circumstances but rather provides solutions with neutrosophic values. Unspecified values take into account the best and worst conditions.

In this volume, we present a set of research that was published in cooperation with a number of researchers and those interested in keeping pace with the great scientific development that our contemporary world is witnessing, and one of its products was neutrosophic science, which was founded by the American scientist and mathematical philosopher Florentin Smarandache in 1995. Through it, we present a new vision for some research methods. Operations research to the concepts of this science.

The existence of neutral /indeterminacy degrees reflects the more practical aspects of decision-making scenarios. Thus, this paper has studied the intuitionistic fuzzy multiobjective linear programming problems (IFMOLPPs) under neutrosophic uncertainty. To highlight the degrees of neutrality in IFMOLPPs, we have investigated the neutrosophic optimization techniques with intuitionistic fuzzy parameters.

Smarandache presented neutrosophic theory as a tool for handling undetermined information. Wang et al. introduced a single valued neutrosophic set that is a special neutrosophic sets and can be used expediently to deal with real-world problems, especially in decision support.

This book contains 37 papers by 73 renowned experts from 13 countries around the world, on following topics: neutrosophic set; neutrosophic rings; neutrosophic quadruple rings; idempotents; neutrosophic extended triplet group; hypergroup; semihypergroup; neutrosophic extended triplet group; neutrosophic extended triplet semihypergroup and hypergroup; neutrosophic offset; uninorm; neutrosophic offuninorm and offnorm; neutrosophic offconorm; implicator; prospector; n-person cooperative game; ordinary single-valued neutrosophic (co)topology; ordinary single-valued neutrosophic subspace; α-level; ordinary single-valued neutrosophic neighborhood system; ordinary single-valued neutrosophic base and subbase; fuzzy numbers; neutrosophic numbers; neutrosophic symmetric scenarios; performance indicators; financial assets; neutrosophic extended triplet group; neutrosophic quadruple numbers; refined neutrosophic numbers; refined neutrosophic quadruple numbers; multigranulation neutrosophic rough set; nondual; two universes; multiattribute group decision making; nonstandard analysis; extended nonstandard analysis; monad; binad; left monad closed to the right; right monad closed to the left; pierced binad; unpierced binad; nonstandard neutrosophic mobinad set; neutrosophic topology; nonstandard neutrosophic topology; visual tracking; neutrosophic weight; objectness; weighted multiple instance learning; neutrosophic triangular norms; residuated lattices; representable neutrosophic t-norms; De Morgan neutrosophic triples; neutrosophic residual implications; infinitely ∨-distributive; probabilistic neutrosophic hesitant fuzzy set; decision-making; Choquet integral; e-marketing; Internet of Things; neutrosophic set; multicriteria decision making techniques; uncertainty modeling; neutrosophic goal programming approach; shale gas water management system.

Deep learning has been widely used in numerous real-world engineering applications and for classification problems. Real-world data is present with neutrality and indeterminacy, which neutrosophic theory captures clearly. Though both are currently developing research areas, there has been little study on their interlinking. We have proposed a novel framework to implement neutrosophy in deep learning models. Instead of just predicting a single class as output, we have quantified the sentiments using three membership functions to understand them better. Our proposed model consists of two blocks, feature extraction, and feature classification.

Several times people on the earth are aicted by the strike of unpredictable phenomena like a disaster. Although some non-governmental organization (NGO) involving in disaster relief operation, prepositioned some resources in disaster-prone areas, but it is not sucient for all times. Sometimes, due to the high intensive devastation, help for providing relief is requested to the other national or international aid. This research has introduced a mathematical model for humanitarian logistic considering two optimization criteria minimize the total cost and total time of the relief logistic operation with a collaboration of resource collection by the NGOs.