Originally published in 1990, Agricultural Protectionism in the Industrialized World takes a detailed look into the domestic and international agricultural policies of the United States, Europe, Canada, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. These areas are some of the most industrialised in the world and this study focuses on the benefits, policies and costs related to protectionism of their agriculture. These papers offer detailed analysis of the evolution, objections and domestic and international implications related to agriculture in specific countries as well as taking a global view of issues such as policy, trends and costs and concluding with a discussion on the effects of free trade. This title will be of interest to students of environmental studies.

Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject Economy - Environment economics, grade: 1,0, University of applied sciences, Cologne, language: English, abstract: This thesis focuses on protectionism in the agribusiness sector of the European Union, its motivations and its positive and negative effects and its global correlations. As we are living in a globalized world, economical decisions lead to complex effects all over the world. Often there are trade-offs. People suffering from malnutrition and hunger remains a big challenge. Worldwide the percentage of people living in absolute poverty has decreased continuously. Still action is required, especially regarding an increasing unequal distribution of resources and growth in the world due to globalization and trade. Disadvantages and effects caused by global trade, trade agreements and its negative effects caused by an unequal distribution of resources and growth in the world. Mainly caused by different circumstances and soil factors (different climate, soil, drought) the agribusiness sector is affected by. Basic conditions differ from country to country, this in turn means different basic possibilities for farmers and production of nutrition. As there is manifested a "Right of food", the agribusiness sector plays a key role as it is the basis for ensuring the nutrition of the world population. Trade agreements developed over years with different intentions, today this brings huge disadvantages to still developing countries which should not lose sight of.

Seminar paper from the year 2011 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 1,3, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, language: English, abstract: Today we live in a globalized world and anybody can buy any product from any country in the world. But that is not completely true. Trade is not as free as many of us always think it is. There are still so many trade barriers which make international trade sometimes such an adventure. The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established to liberalize trade by reducing or eliminating tariffs and any other trade barriers. Therefore, all members have to contribute to that undertaking and make concessions. In the current round, named the Doha Development Agenda this does not work as it was meant to. A crucial issue in that conflict is agriculture. Developing countries and least developed countries complain about large amounts of subsidies paid by high-income countries such as the EU. In contrast, developed countries want developing countries to make concessions in terms of trade related intellectual property rights and trade related investment measures. So each country blames the other one instead of taking action and making the first step. This essay is structured into two main parts. The first part informs about some basics of protectionism and what happened so far in terms of agricultural liberalization. Chapter two gives a short overview of the existing types of protectionist measures to get a first impression how manifold opportunities for protectionists are. In this case, measures were divided into border measures and non-border measures. Chapter three informs about the outcome of the Uruguay Round, namely the Agreement on Agriculture to give an impression what was the state of WTO negotiations before the Doha Round started and what the impact of the URAA was. All previous rounds are not stated here because the Uruguay Round was the first round to achieve major results in liberalizing agriculture. The second part of the work describes the actual situation. Chapter 4 starts with the investigation why agricultural issues delay the Doha Development Agenda. Therefore, both sides, namely the developed countries ́ view and developing countries ́ view, are treated to deliver a balanced picture. Extent and gravity of agricultural tariffs and subsidies are explained in chapter 5. In chapter 6 the results of two major studies are presented to get an impression how much benefits are at stake for negotiation partners. In the last chapter I make some concluding remarks and try to give a future outlook how the fiasco of trade negotiation might be resolved.

Revised and updated, this edition makes use of new empirical material to examine the effect of market and trade restrictions on farm people. It argues that these policies have little or no effect on the welfare of such communities.