This Fire and Rescue Manual is the first manual within the Fire Service Operations series dedicated to the protection of the environment. This publication provides information and guidance designed to support firefighters, Fire Brigade Service managers and trainers in their work at operational incidents, training events and during day-to-day activities. This manual contains guidance for Fire and Rescue Services (FRSs) on preventing and if necessary, dealing with incidents with the potential to pollute. Through its guidance this manual also ensures FRSs can help minimise their own impact on the environment by providing advice on how to prevent pollution from their own premises. This new Fire and Rescue Service manual is essential reading for Fire and Rescue Service managers and those involved in incident response across all of the emergency services.

Mathematical modeling is a useful tool for the design, analysis and control of wastewater treatment systems. The activated sludge process is one of the most common processes used in wastewater treatment, and therefore is a particularly important candidate for the application of mathematical models. In the 1980s, a task group organized by the International Association on Water Quality (IAWQ) developed a conceptual model of the activated sludge process, which has become an industry-wide standard for the development of computer-based activated sludge models. A recent version of the IAWQ model incorporates 19 components, 17 processes, and numerous rate and stoichiometric coefficients. It is difficult and costly to quantify all of the necessary coefficients for any given application of the model; consequently, it is important to identify the most critical wastewater and biomass components and the relevant coefficients to be quantified for the most common uses of the model. It is also important to provide guidance to potential model users on the use of default and/or estimated values for the remaining parameters.

"This manual contains overview information on treatment technologies, installation practices, and past performance."--Introduction.