Artificial Intelligence federates numerous scientific fields in the aim of developing machines able to assist human operators performing complex treatments---most of which demand high cognitive skills (e.g. learning or decision processes). Central to this quest is to give machines the ability to estimate the likeness or similarity between things in the way human beings estimate the similarity between stimuli. In this context, this book focuses on semantic measures: approaches designed for comparing semantic entities such as units of language, e.g. words, sentences, or concepts and instances defined into knowledge bases. The aim of these measures is to assess the similarity or relatedness of such semantic entities by taking into account their semantics, i.e. their meaning---intuitively, the words tea and coffee, which both refer to stimulating beverage, will be estimated to be more semantically similar than the words toffee (confection) and coffee, despite that the last pair has a higher syntactic similarity. The two state-of-the-art approaches for estimating and quantifying semantic similarities/relatedness of semantic entities are presented in detail: the first one relies on corpora analysis and is based on Natural Language Processing techniques and semantic models while the second is based on more or less formal, computer-readable and workable forms of knowledge such as semantic networks, thesauri or ontologies. Semantic measures are widely used today to compare units of language, concepts, instances or even resources indexed by them (e.g., documents, genes). They are central elements of a large variety of Natural Language Processing applications and knowledge-based treatments, and have therefore naturally been subject to intensive and interdisciplinary research efforts during last decades. Beyond a simple inventory and categorization of existing measures, the aim of this monograph is to convey novices as well as researchers of these domains toward a better understanding of semantic similarity estimation and more generally semantic measures. To this end, we propose an in-depth characterization of existing proposals by discussing their features, the assumptions on which they are based and empirical results regarding their performance in particular applications. By answering these questions and by providing a detailed discussion on the foundations of semantic measures, our aim is to give the reader key knowledge required to: (i) select the more relevant methods according to a particular usage context, (ii) understand the challenges offered to this field of study, (iii) distinguish room of improvements for state-of-the-art approaches and (iv) stimulate creativity toward the development of new approaches. In this aim, several definitions, theoretical and practical details, as well as concrete applications are presented

Although anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has a high success rate, a substantial number of patients are left with unsatisfactory results. Revision ACL Reconstruction: Indications and Technique provides detailed strategies for planning and executing revision ACL reconstructions. Concise chapters by a leading group of international orthopedic surgeons cover the diagnosis of failed ACL reconstruction, patient evaluation, preoperative planning for revision ACL surgery and complex technical considerations.

ACL Made Simple is a book/CD-ROM combination that educates orthopedic residents, athletic trainers, and various medical support staff about the fundamentals of ACL injuries. The content is both thorough and practical. Readers will benefit from comprehensive discussions of diagnosis, partial tears, treatment options, operative techniques, and complications. This definitive guide also outlines a six-month rehabilitation program complete with goals, stages, and exercises. More than 150 photographs and diagrams illuminate key concepts. A CD-ROM keyed to each chapter complements the text and makes it easy for users to locate sections of particular interest. The numerous graphics and narrated video clips are dynamic tools that highlight topics including the mechanism of injury, physical examination, and surgical techniques.

Torn is the story of author Joy Werner's struggle with two anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries over the course of 24 months. ACL tears are serious knee injuries that plague youth sport, particularly young female athletes, and this book describes the long journeys of healing that the injuries demand, including the emotional and mental challenges. The personal perspective is supported by general information about the ACL, ACL injuries, and treatment. Torn is not only a guide but a real-world tale of what a young athlete had to endure and overcome when confronted with ACL injuries. It will be helpful to the thousands of young people and their families who face this trauma each year.

From evaluation to outcome, Current Concepts in ACL Reconstruction will help you keep pace with the latest techniques for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. This text provides the most complete and up-to-date information for the surgical reconstruction of a torn ACL including details about the newer double-bundle procedure. Both American and international perspectives on the treatment of ACL injuries are included to provide the most comprehensive review on the market today. Inside this richly illustrated text, Drs. Freddie H. Fu and Steven B. Cohen along with contributions from the world's most experienced knee surgeons review the basic science, kinematic, imaging, and injury patterns surrounding the ACL. Surgical concepts, various techniques for reconstruction, and diverse opinions on approaching the ACL are also included. Current Concepts in ACL Reconstruction explains the anatomical basis in order to provide the most current surgical principles to ensure the patient receives the best surgical outcomes. To reflect recent advancements in ACL treatment, the emerging double-bundle technique is comprehensively covered. The differences between the single- and double-bundle techniques are discussed with perspectives from leading international experts in double-bundle reconstruction. An accompanying video CD-ROM demonstrates the various procedures mentioned throughout the text. In addition, several of the world's most experienced surgeons provide their perspective from what they have learned by performing ACL surgery for over 25 years, along with their insight into the future treatment of ACL injuries. What you will want to learn more about: - Differences between single- and double-bundle reconstruction techniques - Outcomes of single- and double-bundle reconstruction - Pediatric ACL reconstruction - Gender differences in ACL injury - Radiographic imaging - Computer navigation assistance for ACL reconstruction - Injury patterns of the ACL - Graft choices in ACL surgery - Revision ACL surgery - Postoperative rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction - Outcome measures to assess success after surgery Current Concepts in ACL Reconstruction answers the need for a comprehensive information source on the treatment of ACL injuries. Orthopedic residents and surgeons will be prepared with this thorough review of ACL reconstruction by their side.

For many athletes, tearing the ACL is a devastating knee injury. InThe ACL Solution, Dr. Robert G. Marx, orthopedic surgeon and world leading authority on ACL injury tells you everything you need to know about how to prevent it or recover if you are already injured. Close to 50 ACL-specific exercises are described by Dr. Myklebust, a physical therapist for the Norwegian national women’s handball, soccer and volleyball teams, and a world-renowned expert on the science of ACL injury prevention. You’ll learn how to better balance your body and strengthen the muscles around your knee to provide greater stability and endurance. Whether you're the parent of active children, a promising young athlete, a coach, or a 40-year-old who lives for his or her weekly basketball league, this book is a must read.