If any single characteristic differentiates current, neoclassical economics from the classical economics of Adam Smith and David Ricardo, it is the use of mathematics. Pointing to the critical role of William Stanley Jevons (1835-1882), Margaret Schabas demonstrates that the advent of mathematical economics in late Victorian England resulted more from new currents in logic and the philosophy of science than from problems specific to the classical theory of value and distribution. Jevons's Principles of Science (1874) was the first book to take issue with John Stuart Mill's faith in inductive reasoning, to assimilate George Boole's mathematical logic, and to discern many of the limitations that beset scientific inquiry. Together with a renewed appreciation for Bentham's utility calculus, these philosophical insights served to convince Jevons and his followers that the economic world is fundamentally quantitative and thus amenable to mathematical analysis. Originally published in 1990. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

"In one lifetime, GDP, or Gross Domestic Product, has ballooned from a narrow economic tool into a global article of faith. It is our universal yardstick of progress. As The Little Big Number demonstrates, this spells trouble. While economies and cultures measure their performance by it, GDP ignores central facts such as quality, costs, or purpose. It only measures output: more cars, more accidents; more lawyers, more trials; more extraction, more pollution--all count as success. Sustainability and quality of life are overlooked. Losses don't count. GDP promotes a form of stupid growth and ignores real development.How and why did we get to this point? Dirk Philipsen uncovers a submerged history dating back to the 1600s, climaxing with the Great Depression and World War II, when the first version of GDP arrived at the forefront of politics. Transcending ideologies and national differences, GDP was subsequently transformed from a narrow metric to the purpose of economic activity. Today, increasing GDP is the highest goal of politics. In accessible and compelling prose, Philipsen shows how it affects all of us. But the world can no longer afford GDP rule. A finite planet cannot sustain blind and indefinite expansion. If we consider future generations equal to our own, replacing the GDP regime is the ethical imperative of our times. More is not better. As Philipsen demonstrates, the history of GDP reveals unique opportunities to fashion smarter goals and measures. The Little Big Number explores a possible roadmap for a future that advances quality of life rather than indiscriminate growth."--

The presented theory in this book has been grounded on a fundamental mathematical mistake in Classical Electromagnetic Field Theory with Impact on General Relativity, Quantum Physics and the boundaries of our Universe. In this new Unification Theory, the 100 year old concept in Quantum Physics of the Particle-Wave duality has been be replaced by a Unification in which Particles , Waves and Mass are the 3 aspects of the same Origin. The Origin of Matter, The Origin of this world, the Origin of this Universe. In the classical Wave-Particle duality, the mass of an elementary particle has been divided by a “De Broglie Wave” (probability wave, material wave), which is a solution of the Schrödinger Wave Equation. The mass of an electron in a spherical orbit in the Hydrogen Atom is dived by a spherical probability corresponding to the mathematical solution of the wave equation. In this new Unification Theory the Particle, the Wave and the Mass become the 3 aspects of the same origin. A concept in which probability does not exist anymore. The Origin of Matter. the Origin of our World. The Origin of our Universe.

William Stanley Jevons occupies a pivotal position in the history of economic thought, spanning the transition from classical to neo-classical economics and playing a key role in the Marginal Revolution. The breadth of Jevons's work is examined here which: * includes a detailed consideration of a wide range of his work-policy, theoretical, methodological, applied and empirical * relies on textual exegis * takes account of a wide range of secondary sources A new approach to the 'Jevonian revolution' is adopted, which emphasizes the link between poverty and economics and focuses on the nature and meaning of rationality in Jevonian economics.

The presented theory in this book has been grounded on a fundamental mathematical mistake in the famous George Maxwell’s Classical Electromagnetic Field Theory with an Impact on General Relativity, Quantum Physics and the boundaries of our Universe. In this new theory the old concept in Quantum Physics of a mystic relationship between particles, waves and mass will be replaced by a New Unification Theory in which Particles , Waves and Mass are the 3 aspects of the same Origin. The Origin of this Universe. The Origin of this world. The Tri-Unity in Science. A science where the hundred year old “Particle-Wave” duality in quantum physics has been replaced by the “Particle-Wave-Mass” Tri-Unity. A science build on the theories of Newton. In the classical Wave-Particle duality, the mass of an elementary particle has been divided by a “De Broglie Wave” (probability wave, material wave), which is a solution of the Schrödinger Wave Equation. The mass of an electron in a spherical orbit in the Hydrogen Atom is dived by a spherical probability corresponding to the mathematical solution of the wave equation. In this new Unification Theory the Particle, the Wave and the Mass become the 3 aspects of the same origin. A concept in which probability does not exist anymore. A new concept in which light (electromagnetic waves) are the carrier of the tri-unity in this material world. That light can confines itself and create matter, create our world, create our universe. Light that has the three aspects:

The impressive young scholar Bert Mosselmans, analyzing the theory and policy of Jevons, a major figure in the field of the history of economics, has put together a volume with broad international appeal, particularly in Europe, North America and Japan, that offers a synthetic approach to Jevons’ economic theory, applied economics and economic policy. Adopting a relativist approach to his subject, Mosselmans focuses on all aspects of Jevons’ theory, tying the different strands together where appropriate and discriminating where necessary. Examining the relation between theory and practise he situates Jevons within the history of economic thought and in relation to his logic, ethics, religion and aesthetics. Ideal for scholars working in the fields of philosophy and history as well as economics, this ambitious and insightful work offers a comprehensive analysis of one of the founding fathers of modern economic thought, whose work marked a new chapter in its history, bridging the gap between classical and neo-classical economics.