"This tutorial demonstrates the application of piecewise regression to bedload data to define a shift in phase of transport so that the reader may perform similar analyses on available data. The use of piecewise regression analysis implicitly recognizes different functions fit to bedload data over varying ranges of flow. The transition from primarily low rates of sand transport (Phase I) to higher rates of sand and coarse gravel transport (Phase II) is termed "breakpoint" and is defined as the flow where the fitted functions intersect. The form of the model used here fits linear segments to different ranges of data, though other types of functions may be used. Identifying the transition in phases is one approach used for defining flow regimes that are essential for self-maintenance of alluvial gravel bed channels. First, the statistical theory behind piecewise regression analysis and its procedural approaches are presented. The reader is then guided through an example procedure and the code for generating an analysis in SAS is outlined. The results from piecewise regression analysis from a number of additional bedload datasets are presented to help the reader understand the range of estimated values and confidence limits on the breakpoint that the analysis provides. The identification and resolution of problems encountered in bedload datasets are also discussed. Finally, recommendations on a minimal number of samples required for the analysis are proposed."

This tutorial demonstrates the application of piecewise regression to bedload data to define a shift in phase of transport so that the reader may perform similar analyses on available data. The use of piecewise regression analysis implicitly recognizes different functions fit to bedload data over varying ranges of flow. The transition from primarily low rates of sand transport (Phase I) to higher rates of sand and coarse gravel transport (Phase II) is termed "breakpoint" and is defined as the flow where the fitted functions intersect. The form of the model used here fits linear segments to different ranges of data, though other types of functions may be used. Identifying the transition in phases is one approach used for defining flow regimes that are essential for self-maintenance of alluvial gravel bed channels. First, the statistical theory behind piecewise regression analysis and its procedural approaches are presented. The reader is then guided through an example procedure and the code for generating an analysis in SAS is outlined. The results from piecewise regression analysis from a number of additional bedload datasets are presented to help the reader understand the range of estimated values and confidence limits on the breakpoint that the analysis provides. The identification and resolution of problems encountered in bedload datasets are also discussed. Finally, recommendations on a minimal number of samples required for the analysis are proposed.

These proceedings gather contributions presented at the 2nd International Conference on Applied Operational Research (ICAOR 2010) in Turku, Finland, August 25-27, 2010, published in the series Lecture Notes in Management Science (LNMS). The conference covers all aspects of Operational Research and Management Science (OR/MS) with a particular emphasis on applications.

The European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) has identified acrylamide as a public health concern due to its relation with the appearance of different types of cancer, and continued efforts are required to reduce exposure to acrylamide (EFSA, 2015). During the last few years, EFSA has maintained a high level of supervision to monitor the acrylamide levels in processed products, urging companies to implement effective mitigation strategies for reducing formation of this contaminant. Recently, the European Commission has published a regulation that sets mitigation measures for the reduction of this compound in foods, identifying new benchmark levels for a number of food categories (European Commission, 2017). The Regulation 2158/2017 compels food processors and food business operators in Europe to reduce the presence of acrylamide in their products, applying measures proportionate to the size and nature of the establishments. With the goal of providing information that contributes to our understanding for this process contaminant and exposure through dietary routes, this Special Issue explores the recent advances on the study of acrylamide in foods, including novel insights into the chemistry of its formation and elimination, effective mitigation strategies, conventional and innovative monitoring techniques, risk/benefit approaches, and exposure assessment.

This book addresses central issues related to population and sustainable development in India, the second most populous country in the world. Using the latest available source of data in the context of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, it analyzes the current state of development in India in terms of economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection, especially focusing on the role of population. The respective chapters explore various aspects, but mainly focus on promoting greater sustainability in terms of population growth, child survival, and economic growth. As such, the book will be of interest to students, researchers, and policymakers in the fields of population studies, economics, and international development.