Handbook of Truly Concurrent Process Algebra provides readers with a detailed and in-depth explanation of the algebra used for concurrent computing. This complete handbook is divided into five Parts: Algebraic Theory for Reversible Computing, Probabilistic Process Algebra for True Concurrency, Actors – A Process Algebra-Based Approach, Secure Process Algebra, and Verification of Patterns. The author demonstrates actor models which are captured using the following characteristics: Concurrency, Asynchrony, Uniqueness, Concentration, Communication Dependency, Abstraction, and Persistence. Truly concurrent process algebras are generalizations of the corresponding traditional process algebras. Handbook of Truly Concurrent Process Algebra introduces several advanced extensions and applications of truly concurrent process algebras. Part 1: Algebraic Theory for Reversible Computing provides readers with all aspects of algebraic theory for reversible computing, including the basis of semantics, calculi for reversible computing, and axiomatization for reversible computing. Part 2: Probabilistic Process Algebra for True Concurrency provides readers with all aspects of probabilistic process algebra for true concurrency, including the basis of semantics, calculi for probabilistic computing, axiomatization for probabilistic computing, as well as mobile calculi for probabilistic computing. Part 3: Actors - A Process Algebra-Based Approach bridges the two concurrent models, process algebra and actors, by capturing the actor model in the following characteristics: Concurrency, Asynchrony, Uniqueness, Concentration, Communication Dependency, Abstraction, and Persistence. Part 4: Secure Process Algebra demonstrates the advantages of process algebra in verifying security protocols – it has a firmly theoretic foundation and rich expressive powers to describe security protocols. Part 5: Verification of Patterns formalizes software patterns according to the categories of the patterns and verifies the correctness of patterns based on truly concurrent process algebra. Every pattern is detailed according to a regular format to be understood and utilized easily, which includes introduction to a pattern and its verifications. Patterns of the vertical domains are also provided, including the domains of networked objects and resource management. To help readers develop and implement the software patterns scientifically, the pattern languages are also presented. - Presents all aspects of full algebraic reversible computing, including the basis of semantics, calculi for full reversible computing, and axiomatization for full reversible computing - Introduces algebraic properties and laws for probabilistic computing, one of the foundational concepts of Computer Science - Presents the calculi for probabilistic computing, including the basis of semantics and calculi for reversible computing

Intheworldweliveinconcurrencyisthenorm.Forexample,thehumanbody isamassivelyconcurrentsystem,comprisingahugenumberofcells,allsim- taneously evolving and independently engaging in their individual biological processing.Inaddition,inthebiologicalworld,trulysequentialsystemsrarely arise. However, they are more common when manmade artefacts are cons- ered. In particular, computer systems are often developed from a sequential perspective. Why is this? The simple reason is that it is easier for us to think about sequential, rather than concurrent, systems. Thus, we use sequentiality as a device to simplify the design process. However, the need for increasingly powerful, ?exible and usable computer systems mitigates against simplifying sequentiality assumptions. A good - ample of this is the all-powerful position held by the Internet, which is highly concurrent at many di?erent levels of decomposition. Thus, the modern c- puter scientist (and indeed the modern scientist in general) is forced to think aboutconcurrentsystemsandthesubtleandintricatebehaviourthatemerges from the interaction of simultaneously evolving components. Over a period of 25 years, or so, the ?eld of concurrency theory has been involved in the development of a set of mathematical techniques that can help system developers to think about and build concurrent systems. These theories are the subject matter of this book.

In this thesis autonomous units are presented as a concept to model autonomous processes. Autonomous units form a community with a common environment, in which they act and which they transform. They are based on rules, the applications of which yield changes in the environment. They are also equipped with an individual goal which they try to accomplish by applying their rules. A control condition enables autonomous units at any time and in any situation to select the rule that is actually applied from the set of all applicable rules. The formal semantics of a community as a whole and of each of its members is defined in two stages. In the sequential case only one unit can act at a time and the rule application of the involved units are interl eaved with each other. In order to illustrate the sequential case, the formal concept of Petri nets is modeled by a community of autonomous units. Here every transition of the Petrinet is realized as one autonomous unit. In the parallel case a number of actions take place in parallel at the same time. As an example, a colony of ants with a very simple foraging strategy is presented. In this case the parallel actions still occur in sequential order, so some preliminary ideas of a third stage are given. In this concurrent semantics, the autonomous units may act independently without chronological relations between them, unless a causal relationship demands a certain order of actions.As further illustration, communities of autonomous units are applied to the domain of transport logistics. A transport network is modeled which consists of depots and their connections, unit loads, and trucks. The load units have to be transported from a source depot to a target depot by trucks. Here the trucks as well as the load units are modeled as autonomous units. How the unit loads will actually be transported by the trucks results from negotiations between all involved entities. Two case studies that have actually been implemented using the graph transformation tool grgen are presented in detail. The first case study deals with a model of the board game Ludo and the sequential process semantics of the corresponding community. The second case study deals with a model of a foraging ant colony and the parallel process semantics of the corresponding community. Some fundamental aspects of the semantics of rule-based systems in relation to the semantics of visual models are discussed, which form the conceptional background of this thesis. Since control conditions are an essential part of the modeling with autonomous units, their efficient handling is the main challenge regarding the creation of a software tool. So some seemingly simple control conditions are investigated with respect to implementation.

Concurrent software is notoriously error-prone due to the possible unexpected interactions between concurrently executing processes. Testing is often not effective in discovering such errors since such intereferences heavily depends on the chosen scheduling and can appear very rarely. In the book we propose an approach for statically proving the absence of undesired interferences in concurrent programs. The approach is based on the definition of a so-called true concurrent semantics of the program which explicitly describes the possibly concurrent computation steps and their mutual dependencies. In the analysis we focus on atomicity properties, which assert that a program block acts in any computation as it were executed in isolation.

Offers information on how to exploit the parallel architectures in a computer's GPU to improve code performance, scalability, and resilience.

Algebraic Theory for True Concurrency presents readers with the algebraic laws for true concurrency. Parallelism and concurrency are two of the core concepts within computer science. This book covers the different realms of concurrency, which enables programs, algorithms or problems to be broken out into order-independent or partially ordered components to improve computation and execution speed. There are two primary approaches for executing concurrency: interleaving concurrency and true concurrency. The main representative of interleaving concurrency is bisimulation/rooted branching bisimulation equivalences which is also readily explored. This work eventually founded the comprehensive axiomatization modulo bisimulation equivalence -- ACP (Algebra of Communicating Processes).The other approach to concurrency is true concurrency. Research on true concurrency is active and includes many emerging applications. First, there are several truly concurrent bisimulation equivalences, including: pomset bisimulation equivalence, step bisimulation equivalence, history-preserving (hp-) bisimulation equivalence, and hereditary history-preserving (hhp-) bisimulation equivalence, the most well-known truly concurrent bisimulation equivalence. Introduces algebraic properties and laws for true concurrency, one of the foundational concepts of computer science Presents all aspects of algebraic true concurrency, including the basis of semantics, calculi for true concurrency and for axiomatization Integrates all aspects of algebraic theory for true concurrency, along with extensions and applications